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This book investigates approaches to community heritage within the Arab region and the underlying theories associated with these approaches. It aims, within the context of the region, to define 'community' and 'heritage', as well as examine the emergence and development of this field. The volume's contributors deploy a wealth of case studies from the Middle East and North Africa to provide a unique forum for discussion, comparability, analysis and deeper understandings of current trends in community heritage. In particular, the volume explores the relationship between communities and their heritage, the meanings and values placed upon it, the nature and degree of community participation and engagement in its interpretation and management, and how its different registers affect and produce sometimes unexpected community heritage formations. It also examines the level of responsibility held within the profession towards this essentially democratic process of public participation in their heritage in a region shaped by controversial histories, political turmoil and tourism-driven economies. The volume builds on current research and practice in community heritage globally by debating and re-centring a suite of familiar and new issues related to hitherto under-researched regional-specific methodologies, and developing fresh insight into the theoretical underpinning of these practices. It will be of value to heritage scholars and practitioners as well as those interested in politics, identity, education and the dynamics of heritage-based sustainable development.

This monograph provides a compact introduction into the classical, i.e. rate-independent, plasticity theory. Starting from the engineering stress-strain diagram, the concept of elastic and elasto-plastic material behavior is introduced, as well as the concept of uniaxial and multiaxial stress states. Continuum mechanical modeling in the elasto-plastic range requires, in regards to the constitutive equation, in addition to the elastic law (e.g. Hooke's law), a yield condition, a flow rule and a hardening rule. These basic equations are thoroughly introduced and explained for one-dimensional stress states. Considering three-dimensional plasticity, different sets of stress invariants to characterize the stress matrix and the decomposition of the stress matrix in its hydrostatic and deviatoric part are introduced. Furthermore, the concept of the yield condition, flow rule and hardening rule is generalized for multiaxial stress states. Some typical yield conditions are introduced and their graphical representation in different stress spaces is discussed in detail. The book concludes with an introduction in the elasto-plastic finite element simulation of mechanical structures. In the context of numerical approximation methods, the so-called predictor-corrector methods are used to integrate the constitutive equations. This is again introduced in detail based on one-dimensional stress states and afterwards generalized to the three-dimensional case. Test your knowledge with questions and answers about the book in the Springer Nature Flashcards app.

The book addresses in detail local governance in Spain. In recent decades, local governments in Europe have increasingly found themselves under pressure from a multitude of new challenges, such as demographic change, climate change, fiscal austerity policies, digitization, the demand for more citizen participation in local affairs, and the migration crisis in some of them, to name just a few. Consequently, a wave of political and administrative reforms to address these challenges, pressures and problems, has changed local governance in many countries. In part, these changes were the result of reform policies introduced by national and state governments, often triggered by austerity policies, which has become an overwhelming reality for Spanish local governments that have been forced to introduce innovations in local governance. This book aims to give an account of these innovations in local governance in Spain.This book considers the local political-administrative structure in its dimensions, focusing on the analysis of its party system, electoral competition and political behavior in the local arena, as well as on local finances, all of which are determining elements in urban and rural governance processes. On the occasion of the recent crisis unleashed by Covid-19, the book will also deal with local governance in crisis situations. The book will also contextualize local governance processes in Spain in relation to the trends in local governance observed in other European countries.

The book synthesizes research on the analysis of biomedical ontologies using formal concept analysis, including through auditing, curation, and enhancement. As the evolution of biomedical ontologies almost inevitably involves manual work, formal methods are a particularly useful tool for ontological engineering and practice, particularly in uncovering unexpected "e;bugs"e; and content materials.  The book first introduces simple but formalized strategies for discovering undesired and incoherent patterns in ontologies before exploring the application of formal concept analysis for semantic completeness. The book then turns to formal concept analysis, a classical approach used in the mathematical treatment of orders and lattices, as an ontological engineering principle, focusing on the structural property of ontologies with respect to its conformation to lattice or not (non-lattice). The book helpfully covers the development of more efficient algorithms for non-lattice detection and extraction required by exhaustive lattice/non-lattice analysis. The book goes on to highlight the power and utility of uncovering non-lattice structure for debugging ontologies and describes methods that leverage the linguistic information in concept names (labels) for ontological analysis. It also addresses visualization and performance evaluation issues before closing with an overview and forward-looking perspectives on the field.  This book is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in biomedical ontologies and their applications. It can be a useful supplement for courses on knowledge representation and engineering and also provide readers with a reference for related scientific publications and literature to assist in identifying potential research topics. All mathematical concepts and notations used in this book can be found in standard discrete mathematics textbooks, and the appendix at the end of the book provides a list of key ontological resources, as well as annotated non-lattice and lattice examples that were discovered using the authors' methods, demonstrating how "e;bugs are fixed"e; by converting non-lattices to lattices with minimal edit changes.

This book aims to stimulate debate in the growing and highly controversial area of measuring scholarly work. The authors examine key aspects of this topic through the lens of the latest theoretical developments in service science and associated fields. It includes chapters explaining the theoretical developments and methodological aspects of measuring the quality of academic teaching and research, while other chapters provide a review and analysis of various types of scholarly work metrics and processes with examples from several countries, cultures, and educational systems. The current growing concern about higher education (HE) quality has prompted institutions to divide university teachers' work into different areas and to design methods aimed at measuring the productivity of these areas. It is widely accepted that the need to evaluate HE service quality is a relevant issue for any society. However, the authors argue that most of the current practices used in the pursuit of this objective are jeopardizing the future of the university as a place of knowledge generation, science evolution and professional education.

This textbook gradually introduces the reader to several topics related to black hole physics with a didactic approach. It starts with the most basic black hole solution, the Schwarzschild metric, and discusses the basic classical properties of black hole solutions as seen by different probes. Then it reviews various theorems about black hole properties as solutions to Einstein gravity coupled to matter fields, conserved charges associated with black holes, and laws of black hole thermodynamics. Next, it elucidates semiclassical and quantum aspects of black holes, which are relevant in ongoing and future research. The book is enriched with many exercises and solutions to assist in the learning.The textbook is designed for physics graduate students who want to start their research career in the field of black holes; postdocs who recently changed their research focus towards black holes and want to get up-to-date on recent and current research topics; advanced researchers intending to teach (or learn) basic and advanced aspects of black hole physics and the associated mathematical tools. Besides general relativity, the reader needs to be familiar with standard undergraduate physics, like thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics. Moreover, familiarity with basic quantum field theory in Minkowski space is assumed. The book covers the rest of the needed background material in the main text or the appendices.

Navigating research careers is often highly challenging for early career researchers (ECRs) in the social sciences. The ability to thrive in research careers is complex and requires "e;soft"e; people and management skills and resilience that often cannot be formally taught through university coursework. Written from a peer perspective, this book provides guidance and establishes emotional rapport on topical issues relevant for ECRs in academia and industry. The authors are ECRs who have been successful in navigating their careers, and they seek to connect with readers in a supportive and collegial manner.Each chapter includes elements of story-telling and scientific thinking and is organized into three parts: (1) a personal story that is relevant to the topic; (2) key content on professional and personal effectiveness based on evidence in the psychological, sociological, and/or management sciences; and (3) action points and practical recommendations. The topics covered are specifically curated for people considering undertaking research careers or already working in research, including:Work Hard, Snore Hard: Recovery from Work for Early Career ResearchersNetworking and Collaborating in Academia: Increasing Your Scientific Impact and Having Fun in the ProcessAccelerating Your Research Career with Open ScienceEngaging with the Press and MediaMake Your Science Go Viral: How to Maximize the Impact of Your ResearchExploring the Horizon: Navigating Research Careers Outside of AcademiaThinking like an Implementation Scientist and Applying Your Research in PracticeSurvival Guide for Early Career Researchers summarizes relevant evidence-based research to offer advice in strategic but also supportive ways to ECRs. It is an essential go-to practical resource for PhD students, postdoctoral fellows, and junior faculty. This book will also benefit senior researchers who are serving as mentors or delivering professional development programs, administrators and educators in institutions of higher learning, and anyone with an interest in building a successful research career.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of time domain boundary integral equations and their discretisation by convolution quadrature and the boundary element method.Properties of convolution quadrature, based on both linear multistep and Runge-Kutta methods, are explained in detail, always with wave propagation problems in mind. Main algorithms for implementing the discrete schemes are described and illustrated by short Matlab codes; translation to other languages can be found on the accompanying GitHub page. The codes are used to present numerous numerical examples to give the reader a feeling for the qualitative behaviour of the discrete schemes in practice. Applications to acoustic and electromagnetic scattering are described with an emphasis on the acoustic case where the fully discrete schemes for sound-soft and sound-hard scattering are developed and analysed in detail. A strength of the book is that more advanced applications such as linear and non-linear impedance boundary conditions and FEM/BEM coupling are also covered. While the focus is on wave scattering, a chapter on parabolic problems is included which also covers the relevant fast and oblivious algorithms. Finally, a brief description of data sparse techniques and modified convolution quadrature methods completes the book.Suitable for graduate students and above, this book is essentially self-contained, with background in mathematical analysis listed in the appendix along with other useful facts. Although not strictly necessary, some familiarity with boundary integral equations for steady state problems is desirable.

This volume presents an accessible overview of mathematical control theory and analysis of PDEs, providing young researchers a snapshot of these active and rapidly developing areas. The chapters are based on two mini-courses and additional talks given at the spring school "e;Trends in PDEs and Related Fields"e; held at the University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria from 8-10 April 2019. In addition to providing an in-depth summary of these two areas, chapters also highlight breakthroughs on more specific topics such as:Sobolev spaces and elliptic boundary value problemsLocal energy solutions of the nonlinear wave equationGeometric control of eigenfunctions of Schrodinger operatorsResearch in PDEs and Related Fields will be a valuable resource to graduate students and more junior members of the research community interested in control theory and analysis of PDEs.

This book is dedicated to V.A. Yankov's seminal contributions to the theory of propositional logics. His papers, published in the 1960s, are highly cited even today. The Yankov characteristic formulas have become a very useful tool in propositional, modal and algebraic logic.The papers contributed to this book provide the new results on different generalizations and applications of characteristic formulas in propositional, modal and algebraic logics. In particular, an exposition of Yankov's results and their applications in algebraic logic, the theory of admissible rules and refutation systems is included in the book. In addition, the reader can find the studies on splitting and join-splitting in intermediate propositional logics that are based on Yankov-type formulas which are closely related to canonical formulas, and the study of properties of predicate extensions of non-classical propositional logics.The book also contains an exposition of Yankov's revolutionary approach to constructive proof theory. The editors also include Yankov's contributions to history and philosophy of mathematics and foundations of mathematics, as well as an examination of his original interpretation of history of Greek philosophy and mathematics.

This book presents a collection of articles reporting the current challenges in solid and fracture mechanics. The book is devoted to the 90th birthday of academician Nikita F. Morozov-a well-known specialist in the field of solid and fracture mechanics.

This textbook addresses the most recent advances and main digital technologies used in farming. The reader will be able to understand the main concepts and techniques currently used to efficiently manage agricultural production systems. The book covers topics in a general and intuitive way, with examples and good illustrations.

This concise text provides the concepts, methods, and application examples for integrating sustainability into engineering design and production. It discusses the role of sustainability in the value creation processes of various enterprises and different tools and methods for systematic incorporation of social and environmental aspects into the product's life cycle. The following topics are covered: sustainable development in engineering systems and the life cycle concept, norms and standards in the sustainable development and integration of socio-economic assessment into technical valuation, production systems, management of the production systems based on circular economy principles, ecodesign practices, and value creation and innovative design in the circular economy.Provides a concise guide for engineering students for applying circular economy practicesPresents examples and short case studies for understanding the methods and toolsFacilitates understanding and application of the life cycle perspective in product manufacturing and green engineering

This book overviews the drivers behind the smart city vision, describes its dimensions and introduces the reference architecture. It further enumerates and classifies threats targeting the smart city concept, links corresponding attacks, and traces the impact of these threats on operations, society and the environment. This book also introduces analytics-driven situational awareness, provides an overview of the respective solutions and highlights the prevalent limitations of these methods. The research agenda derived from the study emphasizes the demand and challenges for developing holistic approaches to transition these methods to practice equipping the user with extensive knowledge regarding the detected attack instead of a sole indicator of ongoing malicious events. It introduces a cyber-situational awareness framework that can be integrated into smart city operations to provide timely evidence-based insights regarding cyber incidents and respective system responses to assist decision-making. This book targets researchers working in cybersecurity as well as advanced-level computer science students focused on this field. Cybersecurity operators will also find this book useful as a reference guide.

This textbook summarizes the course of engineering mechanics, designed for one or two semesters, at the undergraduate or graduate level for a range of academic majors. The book covers all the main components of the discipline including: Theoretical Mechanics, Theory of Mechanisms and Machines, Resistance of Materials, Machine Parts and Design Basic; and Interchangeability, Standardization, and Technical Measurements. It can also be used by students of other technical areas in to achieve competence in each of the listed disciplines. The concise presentation facilitates concentration on the most important elements of the concepts presented while also outlining the current state of mechanics, demonstrating engineering applications using various computer packages (MathCad, CosmosWorks, Inkscape, AutoCad), and updating data on engineering materials. Examples of both simple and complex engineering calculations are given at the end of each chapter along with self-assessment questions.

Organizations are increasingly recognizing the importance of sustainability and responsibility. They are challenged to develop a holistic approach to value creation that reconciles economic, social, and environmental goals. This book describes how knowledge can facilitate this process and amplifies the idea of knowledge management to strategically serve multiple stakeholders in a sustainable and responsible way. In particular, the book introduces the concept of the "e;Need Knowledge-Driven Organization."e; It builds on mature research on organizational purpose, stakeholder theory, and phronesis, and advances the concept of "e;needs."e; This provides a new lens for understanding the sustainable and responsible business case: First, people are motivated by their needs, and organizations represent social structures that facilitate the satisfaction of shared needs. Second, needs reflect and combine social, environmental, and economic concerns, making sustainability and responsibility more realizable for practitioners. And third, needs provide a reference point for holistic value creation and can thus align knowledge processes and structures in organizations.

This book traces the social backgrounds, educational experiences and subsequent lives of women who attended the university colleges in Wales from their inception to the outbreak of the Second World War. Using a sample of 2,000 graduates, the book foregrounds the experience of working-class women and critically assesses the claim of social inclusivity built around education in Wales. It charts changes and continuities in women¿s career prospects; explores graduates¿ relationship with the communities in which they studied, lived, and worked; and, finally, examines the extensive networks which underpinned their personal and professional lives.

This book provides the foundational aspects of malware attack vectors and appropriate defense mechanisms against malware. The book equips readers with the necessary knowledge and techniques to successfully lower the risk against emergent malware attacks. Topics cover protections against malware using machine learning algorithms, Blockchain and AI technologies, smart AI-based applications, automated detection-based AI tools, forensics tools, and much more. The authors discuss theoretical, technical, and practical issues related to cyber malware attacks and defense, making it ideal reading material for students, researchers, and developers.

¿This book explores the role of caravan transport and human porterage in the colony of German East Africa (present-day mainland Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi). With caravan mobility being of pivotal importance to colonial rule during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the exploration of vernacular transport and its governance during this period sheds new light on the trajectories of colonial statehood. The author addresses key questions such as the African resilience to colonial interventions, the issue of labor recruitment, and the volatility of colonial infrastructure. This book unveils a fundamental contradiction in the way that German administrators dealt with precolonial modes of transport in East Africa. While colonizers championed for the abolishment of caravan transport, they strongly depended on porters in the absence of pack animals or railways. To bring this contradiction to the fore, the author studies the shifting role of caravans in East Africa during the era of ¿high imperialism.¿ Uncovering the extent to which porters and caravan entrepreneurs challenged and shaped colonial policymaking, this book provides an insightful read for historians studying German Empire and African history, as well as those interested in the history of transport and infrastructure.

This book is Volume II of a two-volume set on antitrust policy, analyzing the economic efficiency and moral desirability of various kinds of antitrust-policy-coverable conduct and various possible government responses to such conduct, including US and EU antitrust law. The overall study consists of three parts. Part I (Chapters 1-8) introduces readers to the economic, moral, and legal concepts that play important roles in antitrust-policy analysis. Part II (Chapters 9-16) analyzes the impacts of eight types of conduct covered by antitrust policy and various possible government responses to such conduct in terms of their economic efficiency, their impact on liberal moral rights, and their instantiation of various utilitarian and other egalitarian conceptions of the moral good. Part III (Chapters 17-18) provides detailed information on US antitrust law and EU competition law and compares the extent to which¿when correctly interpreted and applied¿these two bodies of law could increase economic efficiency, protect liberal moral rights, and instantiate various morally defensible conceptions of the moral good. This second volume contains the last 6 chapters of Part II, which focus respectively on horizontal (M&A)s, conglomerate (M&A)s, surrogates for vertical integration, vertical (M&A)s, joint ventures, and internal growth and Part III, which focuses on US antitrust law and EU competition law. The book will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students of economics and law who are interested in welfare economics, antitrust policy, and The General Theory of Second Best.

¿This edited book explores stories of linguistic and spiritual identity in the urban and rural Australian landscape. It is an innovative mix of thirty six personal narratives and eleven research studies, which together offer accounts of the intersection of languages, religion and spirituality in people¿s lives. Teachers of Indigenous languages speak of the critical connection between language revitalization, the spirituality of Country, and well-being. Both new and long-established diaspora individuals speak of the often complex but vital joint role of language and faith in belonging and heritage. The new dimension which the book brings to multilingualism is relevant to all complex global societies. Language and Spirit is ideal for both the general reader interested in community languages and interfaith issues, and academics in global intercultural studies and Applied Linguistics study wishing to gain a nuanced insight into the Language and Spirit intersection.

This textbook explores issues central to the provision of recovery-orientated care based on ethical principles and human rights perspectives. Written by academics and nurse practitioners, this comprehensive text draws together theory, research and practice to map the landscape of Advanced Practice in Mental Health Nursing (APMHN) in Europe. Underpinned by a rights- and relational- based approach to care, the textbook is organized around six themes: theoretical and historical perspectives; foundations for collaborative working; therapeutic engagement in different contexts; beyond the clinical dimension of the APMHN role; advancing the evidence-based practice agenda and emerging issues and challenges. Each theme consists of a number of chapters that are designed to address different aspects of APMHN. With a focus on illuminating the collaborating aspect of their role and advancing nurses' competencies, debates and guidance are provided in areas such as therapeutic alliance, assessment, care-planning, mental health promotion, family work, trauma, diversity and culture, spirituality, risk and uncertainty, and prescribing. In addition to addressing the leadership, education and advocacy role, specific chapters explore the APMHN role in linking evidence to practice, in the participatory generation of evidence and maintaining professional competence. With a focus on future challenges and opportunities the textbook concludes with discussion on issues, such as eMental Health and future challenges and possibilities facing APMHNs, including challenges in informing policy, democratizing services, working across service and disciplinary boundaries, collaboratively shaping the evidence agenda, as well sustaining their role into the future.Within the book theoretical debate is grounded in case studies and/or examples from across Europe. This textbook is especially relevant to Mental Health Nurses undertaking studies at the Advanced Practice level. It is also suited to all Mental Health Nurses studying at post-graduate level who wish to advance their practice irrespective of the country. Educators, researchers and policy-makers involved in the area of Mental Health and Advanced Nursing Practice along with people with lived experiences will find the text of relevance.

This book states that data users often suffer from the difficulty of acquiring knowledge for decision-making, and others are unsure how existing data are useful. The reader will be released from these dilemmas and enabled to act beyond patterns in past events by creating a process to interact with the data market and the dynamic real-world rich in new events.We present new approaches from the aspects of computation, communication, and their integration, to readers including analysts in sciences and businesses, systems managers, and learners desiring to design knowledge to learn. We show clues to explaining causalities in the target world of a black-box AI of which users may seek a predictive performance. For obtaining interpretable knowledge, we show the integration of model- and data-driven approaches, the analysis and perception of signals from data acquired in the cyber or the real word, and creative communication which connects demands to data by visualizing the data market as a place for innovations

This book celebrates the efforts of women in the international systems engineering community. While there are dozens of books that tackle the topic of systems engineering and thousands of books that address leadership, this book is unique.  Emerging Trends in Systems Engineering Leadership: Practical Research from Women Leaders presents personal, well-researched, hands-on perspectives of emerging trends in systems engineering leadership from industry, government, and academia, covering timely topics applicable across many domains - all under one cover. This book presents material for engineers, scientists, technologists, and others to help them tackle challenges in their everyday work dealing with complex socio-technical systems. The book provides guidance for leaders on shoring up essential (soft) skills to address the increasing demand for professional competencies; addresses diversity, equity, inclusion, and empowering women in the workforce; discusses broader facets of systems engineering leadership including systems thinking, ethics and utilitarianism; and investigates the impact of emerging technological change on systems resilience and the digital enterprise. This book provides a multi-perspective approach for leaders to navigate a changing world and develop and deliver optimal system solutions to global societal challenges that meet human needs. To this end, the authors extend beyond the solid technical base to encompass the human aspect of system behavior. This book is written by twenty-six female authors (three of whom also serve as the editors) from around the world at varying career stages who share their research, achievements, perspectives, and successes in emerging areas of systems engineering leadership.Testimonials:"e;As the systems that modern society depends on get more complicated and complex, we are in the midst of a renaissance with regard to research relating to systems engineering and science. A vast majority of this research is focused on the development of a modern toolkit for systems engineers today and into the future. This takes the form of new and improved methods, models, methodology, processes and tools. This research is critical but likely insufficient without a focus on the most valuable resource with regard to systems engineering within any organization - the human resource. Therein lies the focus of this textbook. It addresses systems engineering leadership from a variety of perspectives, while also addressing broad aspects relating to mentoring and the necessary evolving competencies that we need to address in today's workforce. This emphasis makes this book unique. The icing on the cake is that all the chapters in this textbook are written by contemporary women leaders - this provides a necessary and unique perspective on the topic of leadership - that is long overdue! I highly recommend this textbook to all my colleagues in academia, industry, and government."e;Dinesh Verma, Ph.D.Professor, Systems Engineering, School of Systems and EnterprisesExecutive Director, Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC)Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030"e;The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in the number of women who are formally recognized in systems engineering technical, management and leadership positions in all sectors. With industry, academia, professional systems engineering societies and publishers enabling and illuminating the growing and substantial contributions of women in engineering, women have unprecedented opportunities today to contribute to systems engineering in both leadership and management positions. This volume, a compendium of chapters written by enterprising international women leaders at various stages in their career, addresses diverse topics such as leadership, management, empowerment, equity, diversity, inclusion, and mentoring. It is a valuable resource for engineering management courses in academia, systems engineering leadership training in industry, and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion program development by Human Resource departments in industry, academia, and government."e;                                                                                             Azad M. Madni, Ph.D., NAENorthrop Grumman Foundation Fred O'Green Chair in Engineering Professor of Astronautics and Aerospace and Mechanical EngineeringExecutive Director, Systems Architecting and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference, AsiaHaptics 2022, in Beijing, China, in November 2022.The 17 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 46 submissions. The conference presents the latest developments of haptic hardware in education, culture, tourism, medicine, elderly care and disability assistance.