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This text provides the undergraduate chemical engineering student with the necessary tools for problem solving in chemical or bio-engineering processes. In a friendly, simple, and unified framework, the exposition aptly balances theory and practice. It uses minimal mathematical concepts, terms, algorithms, and describes the main aspects of chemical process optimization using MATLAB and GAMS. Numerous examples and case studies are designed for students to understand basic principles of each optimization method and elicit the immediate discovery of practical applications. Problem sets are directly tied to real-world situations most commonly encountered in chemical engineering applications. Chapters are structured with handy learning summaries, terms and concepts, and problem sets, and individually reinforce the basics of particular optimization methods. Additionally, the wide breadth of topics that may be encountered in courses such as Chemical Process Optimization, Chemical Process Engineering, Optimization of Chemical Processes, are covered in this accessible text. The book provides formal introductions to MATLAB, GAMS, and a revisit to pertinent aspects of undergraduate calculus. While created for coursework, this text is also suitable for independent study. A full solutions manual is available to instructors who adopt the text for their course.

This book covers the latest developments in tissue electrical conductivity and current density imaging, increasingly popular as well as challenging applications of MRI. These applications are enabled by the acquisition of high-quality MR phase images. This book provides a practical description of the MRI physics needed to understand and acquire phase images in MRI and the key details required to reconstruct them into conductivity, current density or electric field distributions. Comprehensive details are provided about the electrical properties of biological tissues, computational modeling considerations, experimental methods, construction of non-biological and biological phantoms and MRI pulse sequences. An inclusive review of image reconstruction algorithms, and their potential applications is provided for applications directed at determining current density or electric fields, such as in transcranial DC or AC stimulation techniques; as well as electrical conductivity reconstructions that may be of use in quantitative MRI applications used to detect cancer or other pathologies. This is an excellent book for undergraduate and graduate students beginning to explore phase, current density, and conductivity imaging in MRI, and will also be of great use to researchers interested in the area of MR-based electrical property imaging.

This volume brings together contributions from women business scholars from a range of disciplines and countries. The starting point was a collaborative research meeting  organised by Daughters of Themis: International Network of Female Business Scholars in June 2017. The volume highlights the difficulties and the possibilities that lie in working together across disciplines with the aim of achieving corporate sustainability. The volume is written from the perspective of women business scholars, thereby offering outside viewpoints in fields that still are very much dominated by men, and fresh insights and innovate ideas. In three main parts, the authors address the need for interdisciplinarity in research to identify ways to ensure the contribution of business to sustainability, showcasing  a number of theoretical and applied approaches for researching sustainable business. The volume 's introductory chapter situates the volume in discourses of sustainability and corporate sustainability. It presents the Daughters of Themis Network and provides a short description of the successive eleven chapters.  In Part I, Reflections, contributors discuss the significance of interdisciplinary research, how to work across disciplines, as well as the challenges of doing so. In Part II, Theory, contributors discuss theoretical and methodological aspects of interdisciplinary research. Part III presents the Practice of interdisciplinary research. In the introductory chapter, the editors reflect on the insights that can be drawn out of the contributions, and discuss the potential for future developments of interdisciplinary research for sustainability, as well as how interdisciplinary research can be communicated. The book is intended for business scholars, and will particularly appeal to those working in law, accountancy and finance, management, and organization studies. 

This edition provides a mix of research perspectives to examine the economic and non-economic outcomes of global developments in financial regulation, monetary and fiscal measures, or sustainable development, with a tailored focus on specifics in emerging and transitioning countries. The volume combines a mix of approaches to investigate relevant newly emerged topics (e.g., economics of emissions, corporate social responsibility reporting) as well as traditional issues requiring new approaches (e.g., exchange rate mechanisms, investment strategies, the impact of corporate reporting on economic fundamentals). Such a comprehensive view of contemporary economic phenomena makes the volume attractive not only to academia, but also to regulators and policymakers, when deliberating on the potential outcomes of competing regulatory mechanisms.

This book offers detailed information on a variety of teaching techniques for radiology. Generational differences in communication and adult learning theory have led to changes in educational content delivery. Traditional didactic teaching methods are no longer embraced by students, requiring educators to learn and adopt new techniques. Radiologists currently in practice have little or no experience with these newer techniques, some thrust upon them abruptly by the COVID pandemic. In addition to practicing radiologists, the next generation of educators are currently in training and often do not receive instruction on educational theory and teaching techniques. It is incumbent upon members of the educational sphere to provide resources for these individuals. This work intends to provide just such a resource.The objectives of the book include:Explaining adult learning theory and brain-friendly teachingDescribing teaching techniques to leverage brain-friendly teachingReinforcing key points with links to online video-based lectures as an accompaniment to the textTopics covered across chapters include helping non-teaching faculty to teach, writing high quality MCQ questions, and teaching quality, safety, and professionalism. Each chapter will have one "e;key takeaway"e; chart at the conclusion of the chapter with high-yield key points highlighted in a bulleted format.This is an ideal guide for practicing radiologists, including those not currently working in academic centers. Faculty in non-academic centers can specifically benefit from chapters related to medical student, clinician and patient education. Future academic radiologists (i.e., fellows and residents) can benefit from the text as a foundation for careers in teaching hospitals and academic medical centers.

This book deals with one of the most pervasive ways by which people have addressed authority throughout history: petitioning. Based on a Congress held at the Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa (Petitions in the Age of the Atlantic Revolutions), in February of 2019, the book explores traditional practices and institutions, as well as the transformation of petitions as vehicles of popular politics. The ability or the right to petition was also a crucial element for the development and operation of early modern empires, playing a major role on the negotiated patterns of the Atlantic World. This book shows how petitions were used in Europe, America and Africa, by the governors and the governed, by the rich and the poor, by the colonists and the colonised and by the liberal and the reactionary groups. Broken down into three thematic parts, encompassing both in chronological and geographical scope, the book deepens our understanding of petitioning and its relation with ideas of consent and subjecthood, nationality and citizenship, political participation and democracy. This book provides a rare comparative platform for the study of a subject that has been receiving growing interest.

This book presents a snapshot of a major challenge, and shares subjective views on various areas of conflict in Africa and the diverse - theoretical and practical - efforts to achieve peace. Following an essential review of several real-world conflict contexts on the African continent and attempts to come to terms with them critically as a first step, the book explores the lessons learned to date with regard to peace studies in Africa.

This volume contains cutting-edge molecular biology methods on neuroprotective mechanisms and specific preclinical models of the CNS injury, iseases and planning translation. Chapters guide readers through neuropathology, neuroprotection, Alzheimer¿s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS, Huntington¿s disease , multiple sclerosis, Parkinson¿s disease, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic brain injury. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Neuroprotection: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This second edition provides new and updated techniques and applications associated with synthetic biology. Chapters guide readers through the creation and regulation of gene circuits, manipulation of biochemical pathways, genome editing and modification, creating genome language and computing, as well as molecular assembly.Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Synthetic Biology: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This volume explores the latest advancements and techniques used by researchers to work with plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and to study their interactions with crop plants. The chapters in this book cover topics such as ways to obtain samples from soil and different plant tissues; rearing nematodes in greenhouse setting; methods used to axenically rear nematodes in vitro; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) separation; methods for ROS detection and hydrogen peroxide quantification; methods to elicit plant resistance against nematodes; methods for the detection of Pathogenesis Related (PR) genes that are the executioners of immunity in plant-RKN interactions; and laboratory procedures that test nematodes on their isolation, count, culture, identification, pathogenicity, virulence, and environmental tolerance. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Plant-Nematode Interactions is a valuable tool for any researcher interested in learning more about this interesting and developing field.

This book aims to provide a refreshing, friendly and exciting manner artificial intelligence (AI) theoretical concepts and practical methods applied in obstetrics and gynaecology. The book follows the nine and a half months journey from preconception till birth alongside with AI. It discusses topics such as the poignant role of AI in improving the change of women getting pregnant; AI methods for detecting congenital anomalies in first and second trimester foetal sonography; how AI aids physicians in determining what type of birth should be deployed (vaginal versus caesarean); how AI can predict pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, mortality, birth weight, miscarriage, postpartum depression, etc. Additionally, it provides information on AI used for perinatal depression, for the evaluation of the relationship between pollutants and pregnancy outcome and even how AI tools can improve physician training in labour and delivery. The book is designed for bioinformaticians, obstetric and gynaecology researchers and physicians, and all those who wish to learn how to explore, analyse, find novel potential solutions for the challenging domains: obstetrics and gynaecology. Likewise, this book will be useful for application engineers who wish to use AI paradigms in areas such as engineering and science too.

"e;Mathematics of the Weather"e; details the mathematical techniques used to create numerical models of the atmosphere. It explains methods which are currently considered for practical use in models for the exaflop computers (10**19 operations per seconds). This book is a guide to developing and modifying the mathematical methods used in such models. This includes Implementations in spherical geometry. The books also concentrates on elements of Numerical Weather Predication (NWP) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).   

This book explores the politics of organized Muslim women in Turkey and analyzes their coalitions with other¿secular feminist, Kurdish, etc.¿women¿s movements from an intersectional perspective. It provides empirical evidence for significant changes in Muslim women¿s politics under the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) and points to the increasing difficulty to build cross-movement women¿s coalitions in the face of rising religious conservatism and authoritarianism under the AKP rule. While feminist Muslim women who display an intersectional understanding of structural inequality and oppression are found to be more resilient in the face of political pressure, conservative Muslim women dodge women¿s coalitions and align with the government¿s discourses and policies. Empirical evidence based on interviews with organized Muslim women also shows that prospects for coalition building largely depends on the specific societal and institutional (re-)configurations of patriarchy along with other relations of domination rather than mere ideological ¿difference¿ among women. This book will be of interest to scholars and students across Gender Studies, Sociology, and Political Science, particularly those whose research focuses on intersectionality and social movements.

This book offers a model for understanding securitization in terms of hegemonic discourse formations. It re-thinks the very meaning of security as well as the relationship between the understanding of security in traditional and critical approaches in security studies to find a common denominator between them. Deduced firmly from realist political philosophy and its analytic categories, such as state-based sovereignty, security is presented as a function of discursive formations. Providing a sound discourse-theoretical foundation which includes both linguistic and non-linguistic practices as well as a focus on relationships of power, the book offers a basis for the integration of insights generated by the different approaches to securitisation, and enhances the analytical and explanatory depth of the concept. As part of its theoretical foundation, the book further presents a fundamentally new image of long-standing theoretical and conceptual challenges within speech-act inspired approaches, including the re-formulation of central analytical categories such as the speaker-audience-context nexus. By explaining securitisation as signifying the boundaries of the construction of meaning, it presents an original understanding of securitisation, which is deeply integrated into the structures of the social construction of meaning. On this basis, the book offers a new understanding of successful securitisation factors and insights into aspects that render specific objects more or less likely for securitisation. The book proceeds to discuss two central aspects of the securitisation debate: The constitution of power, as well as an exploration of the nature of the political and politicisation. An empirical case study on the development-security-nexus offers further insights into the applicability of the theoretical model.    This book will appeal to students, researchers, and scholars of political science and international relations (IR) interested in a better understanding of IR theory, realism, critical security studies, and discourse analysis.

This book contributes extensively to a better understanding of how vocational education and training (VET) and practice-based learning and teaching is developed and designed. It presents examples of vocational education as an ongoing dialogue, continually refreshed through engagement between educators and learners, Maori, employers, industry, and others. It demonstrates how the needs of learners can be met through relevant models of delivery, and how organisations and individuals work towards equity of access and parity of outcomes for all.It details the origins, purposes and evolution of vocational organisations, initiatives supporting Maori and Pasifika success and women in traditionally male-dominated occupations, the roles, provisioning and impact of foundation VET across different contexts, innovations through Certificate, Diploma and Degree programmes of learning, the contribution of new technologies to learning approaches, and the efficacy of education and professional development for VET teachers.This collection of chapters illustrates how Aotearoa New Zealand's VET system is responding to challenging and changing environments through new frameworks of practice, approaches, and models of delivery. As an overview of a system in change, it is of interest to VET educators, system managers, and policy makers.

This book explores 'why some people experience post-traumatic growth leading to greater wisdom and others do not' and suggests that a critical variable is how one copes with that trauma: individuals who actively reflect on their experiences of trauma should develop higher levels of self-transcendent wisdom. This same dynamic has been shown both in research studies of post-traumatic growth and by therapists working with people who have experienced trauma, but these two bodies of work have rarely been brought into direct conversation with each other. In this volume, wisdom researchers and therapists with direct experience with trauma survivors comment on each other's ideas about how coping with adversity can lead to wisdom, and how their proposed models of developing wisdom incorporate the act of coping with a stressful or traumatic event. Based on a synthetic integration of the recommendations in each chapter, the book concludes with the introduction of a new conceptual framework that can better help even individuals who experience significant stressors in their life to cope well and develop wisdom that will be both theoretically robust and practically useful.

This book is about the promotion and development of digital solutions for inclusive education, including a variety of hardware, software, digital learning materials, and digital learning content currently available on the market. All of these technological solutions serve as support materials and building blocks for inclusive learning environments but, at the same time, can involve hidden risks which may inadvertently create even greater gaps in inclusive education. This book provides strategies and methodologies that promote the development of opportunities for using digital technologies to support inclusive education. It provides an, understanding how to close the current digital gap while ensuring that the digital technologies selected do not support new risks of exclusion from the digital learning environment, strengthening and augmenting the already existing digital divide.

This book examines disproportionality in education, focusing on issues of social justice for diverse and marginalized students. It addresses disproportionality as an indicator of biased practices and uses social justice as the frame for conceptualizing disproportionality historically and as a means to improve educational practice. Chapters explore the historical issue of disproportionality in education; outcomes experienced by racially and ethnically diverse students and students with disabilities, including discipline, bullying, and academic achievement; and ways in which social justice can inform policy and practice to make a positive impact reducing disproportionality in education.Key areas of coverage include:Methodological and statistical concerns in disproportionality research in education.Reviews research and data on disproportionality in education (e.g., disciplinary exclusion, bullying, seclusion and restraint, corporal punishment, school-based arrests, and academic achievement).Social justice as a theoretical and legal driver for change in policy and practice.Educational assessment and intervention practices designed to address disproportionality in education. Disproportionality and Social Justice in Education is a must-have resource for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians, practitioners, and policymakers across such disciplines as clinical child and school psychology, educational psychology and teaching and teacher education, social work and counselling, pediatrics and school nursing, educational policy and politics, public health, and all interrelated disciplines.

This book presents a new approach to understanding the history and practice of cognitive-behavior therapy by presenting country profiles in 38 countries located around the world. The objectives of this edited volume are to provide a broad understanding of the practice of CBT internationally as well as country specific practices that will provide researchers and practitioners with important information for consideration in the application of CBT.The book begins with an introductory chapter by the editors that discusses the history of CBT and the efforts to globalize and disseminate  the science and practice of CBT as well as the unique cultural and international variables. The subsequent chapters offer detailed country profiles of the history and practice of CBT from around the globe. More specifically, chapters will provide an overview of the country, a history of psychotherapy in the country, current regulations regarding psychotherapy provision, professional and cognitive behavior therapy organizations, training opportunities/programs in CBT, populations most frequently worked with using CBT in the country, the    use and adaptation of CBT, the research on CBT in the country, and CBT with special populations (children, immigrants, HIV+, etc).  Many of the nations represented are the most populous and influential ones in their respective regions where CBT has been incorporated into psychotherapy training and practice. Taken as a whole, the countries are quite diverse in terms of sociocultural, economic, and political conditions and the impact of these variables on the practice of CBT in the country will be discussed. The final chapter of the volume offers a summary of the patterns of practice, integrating  the main findings and challenges and discussing them within a global context.  A discussion of the vision for  next steps in the globalization of CBT concludes the book.

This book analyzes key popular culture artifacts linked with United States' far-right extremism to illustrate how extremists use various narrative strategies to legitimate their interests and goals and to justify violent actions. Recognizing these narrative strategies and how they are used partly explains the back and forth moves between mainstream politics and the far-right of ideas and issues that used to remain within far-right circles. The main objective of this book is to utilize theoretical approaches that centralize processes of racialization to analyze and explain how far-right extremists utilize recognizable narratives to mainstream and communicate their ideas. The book will illustrate processes by which racialized subjects are produced and violence justified. In order to do so, the book concentrates on popular culture as sources of how the far-right constitutes their identities and goals. It first develops a methodological plan to study popular culture artifacts that is drawn from scholarship on race and discourse analysis in International Relations (IR). It then analyzes far-right use of key popular culture artifacts, such as magazines, memes, and manifestos, to note how extremist identities and interests are produced, publicly communicated, and mainstreamed. This will contribute to Security Studies and IR's understanding of far-right extremism, especially how they utilize similar narrative strategies as used in mainstream contexts to justify their calls for violence.

This volume collects ten studies that propose modern methodologies of analyzing and explaining language change in the case of various morpho-phonological and morpho-syntactic characteristics. The studies were first presented in the fourth, fifth and sixth workshops at the ¿Language Variation and Change in Ancient and Medieval Europe¿ summer schools, organized on the island of Naxos, Cyclades, Greece and online between 2019 and 2021. The book is divided into two parts that both focus on modern tools and methodologies of analyzing and accounting for language change. The first part focuses on common directions of change in Indo-European languages and beyond, and the second part emphasizes explanations that reveal the role of language contact. The volume promotes a dialogue between approaches to language change having their starting point in structural and typological aspects of the history of languages on the one hand, and approaches concentrating on external factors on the other. Throughthis dialogue, the volume enriches knowledge on the contrast or complementarity of internally- and externally-motivated causes of language change.

This textbook introduces readers to the fundamental hardware used in modern computers.  The only pre-requisite is algebra, so it can be taken by college freshman or sophomore students or even used in Advanced Placement courses in high school.  This book presents both the classical approach to digital system design (i.e., pen and paper) in addition to the modern hardware description language (HDL) design approach (computer-based).   This textbook enables readers to design digital systems using the modern HDL approach while ensuring they have a solid foundation of knowledge of the underlying hardware and theory of their designs.  This book is designed to match the way the material is actually taught in the classroom. Topics are presented in a manner which builds foundational knowledge before moving onto advanced topics. The author has designed the content with learning goals and assessment at its core.  Each section addresses a specific learning outcome that the learner should be able to "e;do"e; after its completion. The concept checks and exercise problems provide a rich set of assessment tools to measure learner performance on each outcome.  This book can be used for either a sequence of two courses consisting of an introduction to logic circuits (Chapters 1-7) followed by logic design (Chapters 8-13) or a single, accelerated course that uses the early chapters as reference material.

Mining and geological survey work in Jamaica goes back several hundred years and was initiated by the Europeans when they colonized the Island. The year 2019 marked 160 years since the first Government-commissioned Geological Survey of Jamaica. This is one of the oldest survey activity of this type in the World! This book seeks to commemorate this heritage. It is one of the first books of its kind examining the evolution of the mineral sector and geological survey work of Jamaica, set in the framework of the Country's history of over 500 years. The Reader will explore a relatively unfamiliar side of the Country's development, linked to popular historical stories that shaped the Nation. The information presented are mostly documented in dated academic literature that are not gauged for a wide audience. This book however, aims to make this information accessible for a wider readership such as students, amateur scientist, non-professionals or anyone who wishes to learn about the rich history and heritage, and the contributions to national development from Europe and much later, North America.

This book examines the nature of everyday peace mobilised in post-conflict settings. It specifically aims to examine the reconstruction of relationships between local communities and former Khmer Rouge leaders in Cambodia, using social reconciliation as an indicator of peace. Based on the empirical examination, this study will reveal key features of everyday peace like plurality, connectivity and subtlety, and local communities' agency for peacebuilding. Research questions that will be examined include what does everyday peace look like? What forms of everyday practice have community members developed and utilised? How is the local process for relationship building related to the wider peacebuilding and governance contexts in the country? And how have community members handled and destabilised the mainstream narratives related to the Khmer Rouge in the process? The volume will present new conceptual and theoretical innovations relevant to the central debates on everyday peace, with an empirical examination of Cambodia.