Bøker utgitt av Springer International Publishing

This book includes description of main morphological characteristics of 435 species (including varieties and subspecies) belonging to 57 families and 233 genera of endemic and endangered plants of Hulun Buir Rangeland in China. A brief description of the morphological characteristics of each plant, flowering period, zoning, habitat, and the usage habits of most plants, together with 1 to 4 photographs taken in the field are provided. This work is designed not only for researchers working in rangeland science, ecological restoration and protection but also for professionals working in rangeland and related fields. The work is a result of many years of rangeland plant collection and specimens identification.

The volume aims to increase knowledge and understanding of how evidence-based policing is being adopted and implemented by police agencies in the United States and whether it is affecting the agencies' processes, strategies, community relationships and delivery of community-oriented policing services. This exploration is based on data drawn from the literature, interviews and extensive field research that resulted in the case studies presented and discussed in the book.The goal of this text will be to provide the reader with a thorough analysis of the concepts, arguments and challenges facing evidence-based policing. The history of evidence-based policing, how evidence-based practices are used in the health and social sectors, and in the United Kingdom will be examined. In addition, reasonable options for improving the use of evidence-based policing will be proposed. Overall, very practical policy implications will be outlined by a highly recognized professional who has considerable experience in policing and related research. 

This book provides a long history of France¿s infamous indigénat regime, from its origins in Algeria to its contested practices and legacies in France¿s South Pacific territory of New Caledonia. The term indigénat is synonymous throughout the francophone world with the rigours and injustices of the colonial era under French rule. The indigénat regime or 'Native Code' governed the lives of peoples classified as French 'native' subjects in colonies as diverse as Algeria, West Africa, Madagascar, Indochina and New Caledonia. In New Caledonia it was introduced by decree in 1887 and remained in force until Kanak ¿ New Caledoniäs indigenous people ¿ obtained citizenship in 1946. Among the colonial tools and legal mechanisms associated with France¿s colonial empire it is the one that has had the greatest impact on the memory of the colonized. Focussing on New Caledonia, the last remaining part of overseas France to have experienced the full force of the indigénat, this book illustrates the way that certain measures were translated into colonial practices, and sheds light on the tensions involved in the making of France as both a nation and a colonial empire. The first book to provide a comprehensive history of the indigénat regime, explaining how it first came into being and survived up until 1946 despite its constant denunciation, this is an important contribution to French Imperial History and Pacific History.

This book identifies the principles that should be applied when processing Big Data in the context of food safety risk assessments. Food safety is a critical goal in the protection of individuals' right to health and the flourishing of the food and feed market. Big Data is fostering new applications capable of enhancing the accuracy of food safety risk assessments. An extraordinary amount of information is analysed to detect the existence or predict the likelihood of future risks, also by means of machine learning algorithms. Big Data and novel analysis techniques are topics of growing interest for food safety agencies, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This wealth of information brings with it both opportunities and risks concerning the extraction of meaningful inferences from data. However, conflicting interests and tensions among the parties involved are hindering efforts to find shared methods for steering the processing of Big Data in a sound, transparent and trustworthy way. While consumers call for more transparency, food business operators tend to be reluctant to share informational assets. This has resulted in a considerable lack of trust in the EU food safety system. A recent legislative reform, supported by new legal cases, aims to restore confidence in the risk analysis system by reshaping the meaning of data ownership in this domain. While this regulatory approach is being established, breakthrough analytics techniques are encouraging thinking about the next steps in managing food safety data in the age of machine learning.The book focuses on two core topics - data ownership and data governance - by evaluating how the regulatory framework addresses the challenges raised by Big Data and its analysis in an applied, significant, and overlooked domain. To do so, it adopts an interdisciplinary approach that considers both the technological advances and the policy tools adopted in the European Union, while also assuming an ethical perspective when exploring potential solutions. The conclusion puts forward a proposal: an ethical blueprint for identifying the principles - Security, Accountability, Fairness, Explainability, Transparency and Privacy - to be observed when processing Big Data for food safety purposes, including by means of machine learning. Possible implementations are then discussed, also in connection with two recent legislative proposals, namely the Data Governance Act and the Artificial Intelligence Act.

This book draws on a neo-institutional theory to characterize service-oriented manufacturing firms in relation to more familiar organizational forms, such as lean and agile. It sheds light on whether being lean is a prerequisite for agile organizations and whether agile organizations are precursors of service-oriented organizations. The book empirically examines the prevalence of such organizations using representative samples of manufacturing firms in an industrialized country. This approach makes it possible to "e;zoom in"e; and determine whether the extent of adoption of digital manufacturing innovations, digital services, and service-oriented business models varies with organizations' size, industry, product complexity, lot size, type of design process, and type of manufacturing process. In turn, it shows which digital manufacturing innovations, lean practices, and services contribute to leanness-related performance capabilities like quality and costs; agility-related capabilities like fast delivery, flexibility and innovation; and service-oriented capabilities like high service performance and digitalization. In addition, it explores the question of whether lean, agile, and service-oriented performance capabilities contribute to financial performance separately or jointly.

This book explores cloud robotics by casting a light on key issues and proposing a novel approach towards implementation and practical aspects to allow for the widespread adoption of cloud-based functionality. The advent of cloud robotics can to unleash a new generation of smart robotic devices by allowing robots to explore cloud computing capabilities to share data and to offload heavy processing applications. Cloud robotics is investigated as an enabler to a series of applications and devices, questioning how the insertion of network and cloud technologies into such systems might affect the interaction between a robot and the human operating it, and what are the limiting requirements for cloud-based solutions. Aiming at researchers and practitioners, this book also presents a methodology based on open-source software and commercial off-the-shelf devices to provide a common standard for reproducing and benchmarking different cloud robotics systems.

This book offers an in-depth and up-to-date review of bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is a broadly heterogenous disease with a variety of etiologies and disease phenotypes and endotypes. To comprehensively and adequately address bronchiectasis, all these aspects need to be considered, which is not always the case in the current literature. Throughout this book, expert authors discuss the epidemiology, etiology, clinical management and clinical trials to give the reader greater context and tools to care for their patients. Chapters include coverage of environmental and infectious causes of bronchiectasis, radiographic phenotyping, diagnosing, and monitoring of bronchiectatic diseases, and host directed therapy. This is an ideal guide for pulmonologists and trainees caring for patients with bronchiectasis.

This book investigates the dynamics and the role of green urban regeneration using nature-based solutions (NBS) in contributing to the cultural aspects of public spaces. In the first part of the book, insights on analytical methods, planning strategies and shared governance examples are given, as well as, an assessment tool, namely public space index (PSI), is given for successfully measuring sociability impact while using a placemaking approach to green urban regeneration processes. In the second part, the case study (Rose Kennedy Greenway of Boston, MA, USA) has been extensively researched during many years of observations and analysis which gives a realistic taste of the implementation of the proposed PSI. The book's last part reflects on PSI to measure its adaptability and replicability in other contexts, whereas NBS are playing a major role in physical and spatial green urban regeneration in current cities contexts'.

This book focuses on energy metabolism and brain functions related to Cortical Spreading Depression of Leao (CSD), an important issue in brain pathophysiology. The first part of the book offers a comprehensive overview of the history and early research on CSD, and then discusses the recent advances in the technology used to map and monitor brain mitochondrial NADH redox state and other physiological functions during CSD. The chapters explore the connection between CSD and mitochondrial function under hypoxia, Ischemia and various drugs treatment, and provide a resource to scientists researching the development of CSD during various brain pathophysiological conditions.  This book is essential to scientists and students working in the field of bioenergetics of the brain and various organs and tissues in the body. The use of this technology is also crucial and applicable in the neuroscience field.

This book analyzes key findings and developments of psychology for sustainable development. The starting point is a discussion of the established literature of environmental psychology in regards to which factors influence environment-related behavior. Afterwards, the author discusses strategies and interventions that can promote sustainable behavior. It is very important that in order to increase the effectiveness of environmental psychological interventions, these must be first contextualized socially. Furthermore, interventions that aim to bring about a socio-ecological transformation should also focus on the goal of subjective well-being. Overall, the findings of environmental psychology are brought together with theories from positive psychology and the approach of psychological resources from positive psychology and the approach of psychological resources from health psychology to answer the question: How can the socio-ecological transformation of a consumer society be supported by an inner transformation of human beings. An answer to this question is provided by the promotion of six psychological resources for sustainable lifestyles: mindfulness, capacity for pleasure, self-acceptance, self-efficacy, construction of meaning and solidarity can both promote individual well-being and increase motivation for sustainable behavior.

This book celebrates the 10-year anniversary of Software Center (a collaboration between 18 European companies and five Swedish universities) by presenting some of the most impactful and relevant journal or conference papers that researchers in the center have published over the last decade.The book is organized around the five themes around which research in Software Center is organized, i.e. Continuous Delivery, Continuous Architecture, Metrics, Customer Data and Ecosystems Driven Development, and AI Engineering. The focus of the Continuous Delivery theme is to help companies to continuously build high quality products with the right degree of automation. The Continuous Architecture theme addresses challenges that arise when balancing the need for architectural quality and more agile ways of working with shorter development cycles. The Metrics theme studies and provides insight to understand, monitor and improve software processes, products and organizations. The fourth theme, Customer Data and Ecosystem Driven Development, helps companies make sense of the vast amounts of data that are continuously collected from products in the field. Eventually, the theme of AI Engineering addresses the challenge that many companies struggle with in terms of deploying machine- and deep-learning models in industrial contexts with production quality. Each theme has its own part in the book and each part has an introduction chapter and then a carefully selected reprint of the most important papers from that theme.This book mainly aims at researchers and advanced professionals in the areas of software engineering who would like to get an overview about the achievement made in various topics relevant for industrial large-scale software development and management - and to see how research benefits from a close cooperation between industry and academia.

The book presents the proceedings of the 30th Biennial Symposium on Communications 2021 (BSC21), a prestigious international research conference in communications, information theory, and signal processing. Started in 1962 by Queen's University, Canada, the Symposium is now presented by the Canadian Society of Information Theory. Its 30th edition was hosted virtually by The University of Saskatchewan and held in Saskatoon from June 28 to 30, 2021. Topics include Communication and Information Theory, Coding and Signal Processing for Communications, and Multiple Antenna Systems and Cooperative Communications.

This book includes chapters which discuss effective and efficient approaches in dealing with various aspects of social media analysis by using machine learning techniques from clustering to deep learning. A variety of theoretical aspects, application domains and case studies are covered to highlight how it is affordable to maximize the benefit of various applications from postings on social media platforms. Social media platforms have significantly influenced and reshaped various social aspects. They have set new means of communication and interaction between people, turning the whole world into a small village where people with internet connect can easily communicate without feeling any barriers. This has attracted the attention of researchers who have developed techniques and tools capable of studying various aspects of posts on social media platforms with main concentration on Twitter. This book addresses challenging applications in this dynamic domain where it is not possible to continue applying conventional techniques in studying social media postings. The content of this book helps the reader in developing own perspective about how to benefit from machine learning techniques in dealing with social media postings and how social media postings may directly influence various applications.

This book is about transformation of the state and an incomplete state-building. It defies the transitology assumption of continuity, linearity and dichotomy of formal and informal in the transformation of the state. Contrary to the conventional approaches, it claims that any social order or its political scaffolding, the state, is always incomplete and we need to develop cognitive maps to better understand that incompleteness. It reflects on the social practices, processes and patterns that evolve as a non-linear result of three sets of factors: those that are historical, external, and elite-driven. Three Central Asian states - Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan - are examined here comparatively as case studies, as Central Asia represents an interesting terrain to challenge conventional understanding of the state. Specifically, the book captures a paradox at hand: how come three states, which made different political, economic, cultural, and social choices at the outset of their independence in the 1990s, have ended up as so-called "e;weak states"e; in the 2000s and onwards? This puzzle can be better understood through looking at the relationship among three main sets of factors that shape state-building processes, such as history, external actors, and local elites. This book applies an interdisciplinary approach, combining political anthropology, political economy, sociology, and political science. It helps conceptualize and understand social and political order beyond the "e;failed state"e; paradigm

The Advanced Dairy Chemistry series was first published in four volumes in the 1980s (under the title Developments in Dairy Chemistry) and revised in three volumes in the 1990s. The series is the leading reference source on dairy chemistry, providing in-depth coverage of milk proteins, lipids, lactose, water and minor constituents.Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 3: Lactose, Water, Salts, and Minor Constituents, Third Edition, reviews the extensive literature on lactose and its significance in milk products. This volume also reviews the literature on milk salts, vitamins, milk flavors and off-flavors and the behaviour of water in dairy products.Most topics covered in the second edition are retained in the current edition, which has been updated and expanded considerably. New chapters cover chemically and enzymatically prepared derivatives of lactose and oligosaccharides indigenous to milk.P.L.H. McSweeney Ph.D. is Associate Professor of Food Chemistry and P.F. Fox Ph.D., D.Sc. is Professor Emeritus of Food Chemistry at University College, Cork, Ireland.

This volume provides teachers with pedagogical approaches and practical applications to implement Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and with assessment strategies to evaluate the learning outcomes of ESD in primary and secondary education. In addition to appropriate pedagogical approaches for ESD, the book also presents practical examples that teachers can use as a guide in their classes. The pedagogical approaches related to ESD not only aim to facilitate sustainability knowledge, but also promote attitudes, new perspectives, values, skills and competencies related to sustainability. Thus, holistic and transformative approaches are embraced to develop a deeper understanding of sustainability, values, respect towards the environment, connection to nature, systems thinking to understand complex problems, exhibiting responsible behaviours for sustainability and promoting action competence for sustainable development.This book also provides examples of assessment strategies for ESD. The assessment of ESD learning outcomes and learning processes is usually challenging, but it is important to determine how to evaluate ESD learning outcomes to reveal whether we achieve our ESD goals or not. For this reason, the assessment section of the book includes theoretical concepts and measurement tools for evaluating sustainability competencies and learning outcomes. Through the close and active collaboration of 22 authors from Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, and the UK, good models for ESD implementation in primary and secondary education are presented. 

This volume provides an in-depth analysis of abnormal pelvic anatomy in various forms of anorectal anomalies, often with multiple associations. The anatomy of the pelvis is one of the most complex in the body, and anatomists have provided detailed descriptions of normal anatomy based on cadaver dissections. However, congenital abnormalities present a spectrum of deviations from normal, which can be difficult to perceive with surgical practice alone. The advent of cross-sectional imaging has fortunately provided a powerful tool, allowing clinicians to study these anomalies in depth and on multiple planes.This volume will be an essential tool to better understand this spectrum of alterations in a critical region of the body, thus helping pediatric surgeons make the correct planning for a solid reconstruction of the abnormality.

This book covers the wide set of well-regulated virulence factors and defense mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa focusing on stress responses and the evolution of this opportunistic human pathogen.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for one out of ten hospital infections.  Additionally, this Gram-negative bacterium is accountable for persistent infections in immunocompromised individuals and the leading cause of chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. This book provides insight on the metabolic versatility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its mechanisms for biofilm formation that make this organism highly efficient  in causing infections.  The book invites the readers to learn more about the intrinsic ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to resist a wide variety of antimicrobial agents due to the concerted action of multidrug efflux pumps, antibiotic-degrading enzymes, and the low permeability of bacterial cellular envelopes. Particular focus is put on the evolutionary role of different types of protein-secretion systems in pathogenesis, flagella and their role in chemotaxis and surface sensing, and host-pathogen interactions.This book is a useful introduction to the field for junior scientists interested in the biology and pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is also an interesting read for advanced scientists and medical specialists working within this field, providing a broader view of the topic beyond their specific area of specialization.

This book describes leading research in bioengineering for development of novel technologies for ferrous metal extraction. The author includes new developments in molecular biology, biochemistry, microbiology, cell metabolism, and engineering principles and applies them to the conventional iron ore industry - proposing innovative solutions to various industry challenges. The book focuses on applied approaches and describes emerging and established industrial processes, as well as the underlying theory of the process, and the biology of the microorganisms involved.Elaborates on bioprocessing technologies applicable for extraction of ferrous metals using cross-pollination of microbiology and extractive metallurgy;Presents a systematic overview of bioprocessing technologies encompassing laboratory research, pilot scale studies, and industrial process flowsheet design;Provides comprehensive coverage of the engineering principles behind bioprocesses of iron ores including material and energy balances, transport processes, reactions and reactor engineering.

This book presents an interdisciplinary study of the El Mirador cave located on the Atapuerca karstic system, one of the longest Pleistocene and Holocene archaeopaleontological deposits in Iberia. This book presents the results including new unpublished and published data to discuss different aspects related to the prehistoric herders and farmers that occupied this territory.  Divided into four parts, the book covers site presentation and the paleoenvironmental reconstruction covering a chronological span between 7060 40-3040 40 yrs. The history of the excavation and the excavation methodology is detailed in this part including new unpublished recording techniques using 3D scanning and photogrammetry and a very meticulous sampling strategy. The book presents formation processes of the deposit which are key to understanding the successive occupations of the caves regarding its use as sheepfold cave as well as human remains that are part of different funerary contexts in the cave. In the last section, the book covers material culture found in the cave including lithic tools and pottery. This interdisciplinary work is of interest to scholars in anthracology, zooarchaeology, paleoanthropology, lithic technology, and experimental archaeology.

With a historical context covering the past 20 years, this book provides in-depth discussions of research, trends, and issues related to learning technologies in K-12 schools, higher education settings, and educational administration in the U.S. Given the remote learning challenges and opportunities that the COVID-19 pandemic has recently brought to our attention, world-wide interest in educational technology-related issues is at its peak. Therefore, this book is specifically directed at the entire educational technology field, educators, educational leaders, researchers, and policymakers alike who are interested in learning technologies in the U.S. educational system.Three main resources guide the discussions in the book. First, an extensive literature review related to the book's central focus-learning technologies in the U.S. education system, including relevant studies published over the last two decades-is presented. Second, reflections on the author's twenty years of professional teaching, research, and scholarship focused on educational technology at a major U.S. research university are provided. And third, the viewpoints of students in the graduate-level educational technology courses taught by the author, presenting the vital perspective of practicing teachers and educational leaders regarding how learning technologies affect their schools and their work within them, are considered. All of these perspectives and data combine to provide a comprehensive overview on the topic of learning technologies in the U.S. education system. Together, they create a book that is indispensable for anyone interested in learning technologies in education.