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Considering the emergence of artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, 3D video and television, and holography, it is logical that we should also begin to create applications and businesses driven by these technologies. The 12 chapters of Accentuated Innovations in Cognitive Info-Communication focus on the research and development of state-of-the-art information in Cognitive Info-Communication. This interdisciplinary research area has emerged as a synergy between Info-Communication and Cognitive Sciences. It presents a synthetic, holistic combination of coherent technologies that will become increasingly important in the coming decade. It is a teaching and reference guide for VR, robotics, virtual classrooms and institutions, and medicine at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The discussed book is an immersive learning experience for students and teachers worldwide. In addition, it applies to other fields such as healthcare, performing arts, and television.

Recent debates about the definition of national identities in Britain, along with discussions on the secularisation of Western societies, have brought to light the importance of a historical approach to the notion of Britishness and religion. This book explores anti-Catholicism in Britain and its Dominions, and forms part of a notable revival over the last decade in the critical historical analysis of anti-Catholicism. It employs transnational and comparative historical approaches throughout, thanks to the exploration of relevant original sources both in the United Kingdom and in Australia and Canada, several of them untapped by other scholars. It applies a 'four nations' approach to British history, thus avoiding an Anglocentric viewpoint.

Diagnostic cystoscopy is the gold standard procedure in assessing anatomical variations and/or bladder pathologies. For example, for a clinician to adequately rule out carcinoma in situ of the bladder the clinician must directly visualize the whole bladder. Mastering this skill is thus incredibly important for the training MD and training advanced practice provider (Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant). Once mastered, this readily available reference will serve to benefit said clinician in differentiating benign and malignant pathologies.  This text is designed as a comprehensive review by experts in the field of urology on the cystoscope, including both the flexible and rigid instrument, technical use, and certainly bladder pathologies. The rigid cystoscope includes three parts: the scope/lens, bridge, and sheath. These three parts may seem self-explanatory, however there are array of varying options within these three parts that have specific indications for use. Thus, being very familiar with these instruments is vital in being a great cystoscopist. This book will prepare all practitioners to improve and perfect their skills as cystoscopists.Perhaps most significantly, this book will cover numerous topics in normal anatomy, benign and malignant urethral pathology, and benign and malignant bladder pathology. Dialogue on each presented topic includes a brief pathological discussion, associated clinical significance such as common signs or symptoms, suggested treatment for said topic, additional references for further reading, and photographs. Photographs are included on every topic, with a minimum of one image and a maximum of five for reference. A comprehensive reference on diagnostic cystoscopy has been needed for quite some time. This book will satisfy this need for both the developing and experienced cystoscopist. 

This book provides a blend of quantitative and qualitative approaches to decision making, while also bridging the gap between the theory of how to make good decisions versus how people actually make decisions.  The authors present the tools and techniques of decision analysis to learn how to become a FOCCUSSED decision maker: Identify and properly Frame the decision or problem at handSpecify the goals, Objectives, and values that you are trying to achieveDevelop creative, meaningful Choices from among which you can chooseEvaluate the Consequences of selecting each alternative using your goals, objectives, and valuesThink about the key Uncertainties that could impact the decisionUnderstand the Swaps and trade-offs that you are willing to makeDevelop an approach for implementing your SolutionElicit the data you'll need from a variety of sourcesand Disseminate and communicate your decisions to others.  The authors define a decision as the choice among alternatives, based on how we value and trade-off their pros and cons, made in the face of uncertainty about what will actually happen. The decision-making process is presented as having three pillars to support the decision maker: Preferences-what we prefer, what meets our goals and objectives, and the recognition that preferences are personal to the one making the decision; Alternatives-the choices, options, or courses of action that we have, and over which we have some degree of control; and Information-what we know about the situation, what we don't know, how we connect choices to outcomes, and how we deal with uncertainty.  Key components of good decision-making include how to define your goals and objectives, how to incorporate uncertainties that we all face, and how to develop better alternatives, all of which are discussed.  Sophisticated techniques are presented in a way that is accessible to the average decision maker. Probability theory is utilized to improve decisions, and uncertainties are captured in decision trees.  Risk avoidance, risk transfer, and risk mitigation are also discussed.  Readers will gain a clear understanding of how to articulate the goals and objectives that should be the focal point of any decision.

Starting from concrete examples in Geomorphology, this comprehensive textbook explains to graduate and postgraduate students, point-cloud data technology and associated methods from acquisition to final-product generation. In the last few decades, Geo-sciences have experienced a paradigm shift from the challenge of collecting enough data to the need of creating new processing tools that can handle the billions of data. This shift has come to Geomorphology with the increasing use of surface-pointclouds obtained from photogrammetry, laser scanners and processed by specialist software, and it is thus necessary for the next generation of geomorphologist to be fluent in these technologies. Consequently, this book explains from concrete examples how to use pointcloud technologies, from data collection to processing and final product generation. The philosophy of this book relies on two principles, first: you do not have to be a tech-wizard to use pointcloud technologies, allowing the you to bring back the focus on your science; second pointcloud methods can be affordable, therefore the book provide a set of worked-examples in the different geomorphological environments using open source software and R and Python code samples. The book can be used as a textbook in a geomorphology, geology, physical geography, Sabo-sciences and engineering class, as well as a companion for the more seasoned scientist who wants to solve specific problems.

This book addresses the current issues of inclusive education during the time of the global pandemic of COVID-19. It offers inclusive pedagogical strategies and approaches for teachers and instructors to cater for the diverse learning needs of children in the midst of the pandemic. The work explores different ways in which students in different contexts across the globe are being accommodated and shows how inclusion is being implemented. It draws on a range of theoretical frameworks and research projects to provide multiple perspectives on inclusive pedagogical practices. 

In various ways, Chinese diasporic communities seek to connect and re-connect with their "e;homelands"e; in literature, film, and visual culture. The essays in Affective Geographies and Narratives of Chinese Diaspora examine how diasporic bodies and emotions interact with space and place, as well as how theories of affect change our thinking of diaspora. Questions of borders and border-crossing, not to mention the public and private spheres, in diaspora literature and film raise further questions about mapping and spatial representation and the affective and geographical significance of the push-and-pull movement in diasporic communities. The unique experience is represented differently by different authors across texts and media. In an age of globalization, in "e;the Chinese Century,"e; the spatial representation and cultural experiences of mobility, displacement, settlement, and hybridity become all the more urgent. The essays in this volume respond to this urgency, and they help to frame the study of Chinese diaspora and culture today.

This book examines whether the integration of edge intelligence (EI) and blockchain (BC) can open up new horizons for providing ubiquitous intelligent services. Accordingly, the authors conduct a summarization of the recent research efforts on the existing works for EI and BC, further painting a comprehensive picture of the limitation of EI and why BC could benefit EI. To examine how to integrate EI and BC, the authors discuss the BC-driven EI and tailoring BC to EI, including an overview, motivations, and integrated frameworks. Finally, some challenges and future directions are explored. The book explores the technologies associated with the integrated system between EI and BC, and further bridges the gap between immature BC and EI-amicable BC.Explores the integration of edge intelligence (EI) and blockchain (BC), including their integrated motivations, frameworks and challenges;Presents how BC-driven EI can realize computing-power management, data administration, and model optimization;Describes how to tailor BC to better support EI, including flexible consensus protocol, effective incentive mechanism, intellectuality smart contract, and scalable BC system tailoring;Presents some key research challenges and future directions for the integrated system.

This book presents deliberations on molecular and genomic mechanisms underlying the interactions of crop plants to the abiotic stresses caused by heat, cold, drought, flooding, submergence, salinity, acidity, etc., important to develop resistant crop varieties. Knowledge on the advanced genetic and genomic crop improvement strategies including molecular breeding, transgenics, genomic-assisted breeding, and the recently emerging genome editing for developing resistant varieties in fruit crops is imperative for addressing FHNEE (food, health, nutrition, energy, and environment) security. Whole genome sequencing in many of these crops followed by genotyping-by-sequencing has provided precise information regarding the genes conferring resistance useful for gene discovery, allele mining, and shuttle breeding which in turn opened up the scope for 'designing' crop genomes with resistance to abiotic stresses. The seven chapters each dedicated to a fruit crop and a fruit crop group in this volume elucidate different types of abiotic stresses and their effects on and interaction with the crops; enumerate the available genetic diversity with regard to abiotic stress resistance among available cultivars; illuminate the potential gene pools for utilization in interspecific gene transfer; present brief on classical genetics of stress resistance and traditional breeding for transferring them to their cultivated counterparts; depict the success stories of genetic engineering for developing abiotic stress-resistant crop varieties; discuss on molecular mapping of genes and QTLs underlying stress resistance and their marker-assisted introgression into elite varieties; enunciate different genomics-aided techniques including genomic selection, allele mining, gene discovery, and gene pyramiding for developing adaptive crop varieties with higher quantity and quality of yields, and also elaborate some case studies on genome editing focusing on specific genes for generating abiotic stress-resistant crops. 

This book focuses on symmetries in the analysis and synthesis of architectural designs. Crucial in the history of architecture, principles of symmetry provided the means to achieve balance and harmony of spatial composition in architecture. Less well known is the importance of symmetry principles in the analysis of the distinct constituents in a contemporary architectural design which may, at first glance, appear disorganized or even random. The revelation of different hierarchical levels wherein various types of symmetry or subsymmetry are superimposed provides a key for deciphering the underlying structure of spatial logic. The interaction between local and global subsymmetries is of particular interest. Operating with symmetry concepts in this manner offers architects, designers and students an explicit method for understanding the symmetrical logics of sophisticated designs and gaining insights into new designs.This book has two complementary objectives: to explore the fundamental principles of architectural composition founded on the algebraic structure of symmetry groups in mathematics and to apply the principles in the analysis and synthesis of architectural and urban designs. By viewing and decomposing architectural and urban designs in this manner, the hidden spatial logic and underlying order in a design become transparent.

This book focuses on the fundamentals and applications of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics and discusses the strengths and key challenges of this emerging class of drugs. In the past 30 years, extensive research and technological development in many areas have contributed to the emergence of in vitro transcribed mRNA as a therapeutic that has now reached clinical testing. Formulations that protect the mRNA from nucleases and accelerate its cellular uptake, combined with improvements to the mRNA molecules themselves, have been critical advancements for mRNAs to become viable therapeutics. Though once regarded as a serious impediment, the transient nature of mRNA technology is now considered a major advantage in making mRNA therapies safe and, ultimately, a potential game changer in the field of medicine. This new book in the RNA Technologies series provides a state-of-the-art overview on the emerging field of mRNA therapeutics covering essential strategies for formulation, delivery, and application. It also reviews the promising role in cancer immunotherapy, respiratory diseases, and chronic HBV infection and discusses RNA vaccines in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic. mRNA-based approaches have great potential to revolutionize molecular biology, cell biology, biomedical research, and medicine. Thus, this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in academia and industry contributing to the development of this new area of therapeutics.

This volume offers a detailed and up-to-date analysis of the unmet needs of patients with psychoses and personality disorders. These include the needs associated with early detection of ultra-high-risk populations and first-episode psychosis; recognition of the trajectories of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, recovery, early intervention, such as the use of LAIs, the conundrum of differential diagnosis in various personality disorders, and unsatisfactory quality of life, even in the presence of symptom control.Intended for clinical psychiatrists and other practitioners interested in mental health, this book helps them to manage the challenges of the diagnostic uncertainty in first-episode psychosis and timely interventions, since the earlier diagnosis is confirmed, the sooner multidisciplinary treatment can be implemented and plans for psychoeducation, and relapse prevention drawn up.

This contributed volume focuses on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and explores the ways in which signaling mechanisms at the biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels in the blood vessels (vascular) and heart contribute to the underlying causes of development and progression of the CVDs. This volume covers unique topics such as oxidant signaling in vascular and heart diseases and health, cytoskeletal signaling in vascular health and disease, phospholipase signaling in CVDs, lipid signaling in vascular and myocardial health and diseases, and drug discovery in cellular signaling for cardiovascular diseases.This book assembles the most important discoveries made by leaders on the cellular signaling mechanisms operating behind the development and progression of life-threatening CVDs. It is an extremely useful resource for the investigators in the field of CVDs, and opens the discussion for further discovery of efficient management and effective treatment of the CVDs.

This edited book presents scientific results of the 12th International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence Research, Management and Applications (SERA 2014) held on August 31 - September 4, 2014 in Kitakyushu, Japan. The aim of this conference was to bring together researchers and scientists, businessmen and entrepreneurs, teachers, engineers, computer users, and students to discuss the numerous fields of computer science and to share their experiences and exchange new ideas and information in a meaningful way. Research results about all aspects (theory, applications and tools) of computer and information science, and to discuss the practical challenges encountered along the way and the solutions adopted to solve them. This publication captures 17 of the conference's most promising papers.

This book discusses the application of different machine learning techniques to the sub-concepts of smart cities such as smart energy, transportation, waste management, health, infrastructure, etc. The focus of this book is to come up with innovative solutions in the above-mentioned issues with the purpose of alleviating the pressing needs of human society. This book includes content with practical examples which are easy to understand for readers. It also covers a multi-disciplinary field and, consequently, it benefits a wide readership including academics, researchers, and practitioners.

This book compiles all relevant information regarding fundamental concepts and advanced techniques related to the applications of minimally invasive procedures in periodontal and implant therapy facilitated with the operating microscope. Microsurgical therapy, wound healing principles as well as biomechanical and design aspects of micro-instruments and suturing armamentarium are discussed. The book offers information that is usually scattered in the dental and medical literature and not only hard to compile but also to frame in the appropriate clinical categories. Its unique emphasis on ergonomics (patient, operator and assistant positioning) and collaboration techniques like four to six hand assisting make this work unique. Each topic is discussed by world renowned experts in the field. The book is a valuable resource for the dental society including general dentists, periodontists, oral surgeons and implantologists.

The book presents expert assessments of modern opportunities for fisheries and aquaculture in terms of economic efficiency, the state of fishery reservoirs, and the state of ichthyocenoses. The purpose of this book is to provide interested parties (government bodies, representatives of business, science and civil society) with information about modern solutions in the field of aquatic biological resources management, the state of aquatic ecosystems and fish stocks, and modern and promising technologies in aquaculture and fisheries. The book contains an assessment of the state and recommendations for the restoration of natural aquatic ecosystems, an analysis of the state of fisheries and aquaculture in inland waters, taking into account regional characteristics, the development of a methodology for assessing freshwater fish stocks, information on advanced technologies in cage aquaculture in reservoirs and lakes and in circulation systems, data on opportunities for capacity building in small-scale fisheries, and the prospects for establishing a data and information management system for fisheries and aquaculture.

This book, dedicated to Professor Georgi M. Dimirovski on his anniversary, contains new research directions, challenges, and many relevant applications related to many aspects within the broadly perceived areas of systems and control, including signal analysis and intelligent systems. The project comprises two volumes with papers written by well known and very active researchers and practitioners. The first volume is focused on more foundational aspects related to general issues in systems science and mathematical systems, various problems in control and automation, and the use of computational and artificial intelligence in the context of systems modeling and control. The second volume is concerned with a presentation of relevant applications, notably in robotics, computer networks, telecommunication, fault detection/diagnosis, as well as in biology and medicine, and economic, financial, and social systems too. 

This book redefines the relationship between Marxism and history. At its roots, Marxism was aimed at analyzing society in order to change it, reflecting on the past to create the 'poetry of the future.' No single event of the past was as important to early Marxists as the French Revolution of 1789. Studying the varying uses of the history of that past event among Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and prominent European Marxists before 1914 (Karl Kautsky, V.I. Lenin, and others), this book argues that we should take the historiography of concrete past events seriously. It was not only an auxiliary element of Marxism, but a core constitutive element in its formation. Thus, this book calls for transcending traditional approaches to Marxism as a fixed set of social theories combined with strategies for the present and future. Important to students of Marxism, the labor movement, and the French Revolution alike, this study contains refreshing perspectives on the interplay between past, present, and future and on the role of states, social classes, socio-economic determination, and political organization in history.

The neurosurgical, surgical and medical training and practice models have to keep up with the technological revolution in the 21st Century as our lives changed on a swift base. Making bioethics and metacognition a cornerstone in medical education and practice will flourish our humane societies.Metacognition is thinking about one's thinking, to plan, monitor and assess one's understanding and performance. By adherence to medical ethics and Values-Based Medicine (VsBM) as guiding principles, we can develop benevolent medical practice. To enhance knowledge application, skills, and character qualities in realms beyond the immediate context in which they were learned. In this book, we developed a framework on how to evolve medical education and training by utilizing hi-tech. We divided the book into five principal components; Current and traditional root analysis of the learning process, Ethics and metacognition of education, learning and career development, Obstacles, difficulties and setbacks in learning and career development process, Learning in the digital era, and Mentorship.The author believes we are entering a new era of information technology, which will have a significant impact on the education, sciences, strategies and philosophy. Therefore, in preparation for this colossal transformation, the author brings together the best brains in the neurosurgical field from around the globe. Twenty distinguished Professors of Neurosurgery and educators from Canada, the USA, Colombia, the UK, Italy, the Netherland, India, Japan, China, Rwanda, Egypt and Saudi Arabia gathered their experiences and thoughts in this book to shade light on an evolving world that will be the norm in near future.