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In recent decades, the advances in and consolidation of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IOM) in several highly complex surgical areas have been undeniable.Currently all modalities of neurophysiological tests (SSEP, MEP, EMG, PEATC, VEP, BRAIN MAPPING, ETC) are performed in the operating room, where they are used to provide trans operative information on the patient's neurological status in real time (monitoring), and to identify neural structures which are at immediate risk (mapping). With the inarguably positive impact of IOM on surgical outcomes, there is an increasing interest in reliable, technically focused literature. This volume provides cutting-edge information in the field of IOM, and highlights new neurophysiological tools being used in various surgeries.The book's initial sections cover a range of topics, including an anatomical overview, electrical safety, and detailed technical descriptions of the neurophysiological tests used in IOM. The subsequent sections address e.g. the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, vascular and peripheral nerves, epilepsy, head and neck, movement disorders and special topics.Some chapters are accompanied by videos of surgeries and IOM so that the reader will have the real sensation of having been in the operating room and will gain an overview of the key steps.Written by experts in the field of IOM, the book offers a valuable resource for both experienced and early-career neurophysiologists, neurosurgeons, vascular and orthopedic surgeons, and surgeons involved with pelvic procedures. Further, its goal is to provide a real rapport, never before attained, between neurophysiologists and surgeons with a sole focus: excellence in terms of the final outcome.

This book sheds light on how Member States and EU neighbours relate to Russia. It includes their historical, financial and political ties, as well as the public perception of the national population vis-a-vis Russia. Each chapter builds on these factors to elucidate the country's position towards Russia and provides a prediction on the future of these relations. This volume shows the diverse relations that the EU member states and neighbours have with Russia, spanning from tense and confrontational to more eased and friendly, highlighting the contrasts between the national state and the EU as a whole. The book also presents the reader with concrete aspects in different policy areas, via recommendations on how single countries and the EU should deal with Russia. Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24th February 2022 will change the relationship between the West and Putin's Russia for decades to come. No doubt that this blatant violation of International Law and the incomprehensible human suffering of Ukrainian citizens will massively change the attitude of the countries analysed in this book.

This book revises and expands upon the prior edition of Multi-Modal Face Presentation Attack Detection. The authors begin with fundamental and foundational information on face spoofing attack detection, explaining why the computer vision community has intensively studied it for the last decade. The authors also discuss the reasons that cause face anti-spoofing to be essential for preventing security breaches in face recognition systems. In addition, the book describes the factors that make it difficult to design effective methods of face presentation attack detection challenges. The book presents a thorough review and evaluation of current techniques and identifies those that have achieved the highest level of performance in a series of ChaLearn face anti-spoofing challenges at CVPR and ICCV. The authors also highlight directions for future research in face anti-spoofing that would lead to progress in the field. Additional analysis, new methodologies, and a more comprehensive survey of solutions are included in this new edition.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can benefit our society and economy, but also brings with it new challenges and raises legal and ethical questions. According to the author of this comprehensive analysis, it is imperative to ensure that AI is developed and applied in an appropriate legal and regulatory framework that promotes innovation and investment and, at the same time, addresses the risks associated with certain uses of AI-related technologies.Essential to understanding the relationship between policy and law, this book traces the evolution of EU policy on artificial intelligence and robotics, focusing in particular on the EU¿s ethical framework for AI, which defines trust as a prerequisite for ensuring a human-centric approach.The main part of the book provides a thorough and systematic analysis of the Commission¿s 2021 proposed AI Act, which establishes harmonised rules for the development, placement on the market and use of AI systems in the EU. The author painstakingly compares the Commission¿s proposed AI Act with the numerous ¿compromise¿ proposals of the Council of the European Union, leading to the final version of the Council¿s AI Act (general approach) and its formal adoption on 6 December 2022. The author also examines with extraordinary detail the amendments proposed by the relevant committees and political groups of the European Parliament, revealing the position the Parliament is likely to adopt in the forthcoming negotiations with the Commission and the Council on the text of the AI Act.Numerous legislative and policy documents are presented in detail, while the analysis also considers the comments made by all interested parties (e.g. the European Commission, Council of the European Union, European Parliament, governmental organisations, national competent authorities, and stakeholders/actors with different/conflicting interests, such as corporations, business and consumer associations, civil society and other non-profit organisations). In the course of its in-depth analysis, this book will provide readers with crucial insight into the reasons behind the European Institutions¿ different approaches and the often contradictory interests of stakeholders. Because the policy arguments are carefully balanced and drafted with scrupulous care, this volume will establish itself as a reference resource to be consulted for years to come.

This text is designed to function as a comprehensive guide/companion that will not only facilitate the decision-making process for the surgeon, but also help young surgeons build a successful career in skull base surgery. It is divided into six main sections: The first section details the general principles that every skull base surgeon needs to be acquainted with - skull base anatomy, developing a multidisciplinary skull base team, operating room equipment, surgical instruments, and modern imaging technologies. These are the key elements that play a major role in optimizing functional outcomes and patients' quality of life. Following this, the compartmental anatomy chapters set the stage for understanding the technical and surgical nuances of each location.The subsequent five sections are organized as anatomical compartments or regions of the skull base. Every region is organized in the same format for uniformity and ease of use. Each section includes the available treatment choices to each compartment, and describes the relevant pathologies. The contribution of worldwide leaders including neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists provides top-level expertise in how to tackle each pathology. The surgical approaches chapters that lead each anatomical section describe operative techniques in a clear. stepwise fashion with accompanying intra-operative photos and surgical videos. In the individual pathology chapters, different pathological subtypes are described with representative radiographic images of clinical case examples.  Accompanying each pathology is a treatment algorithm based on tumor morphology, pre-operative clinical status, and the goal of maximum functional preservation with a brief description of surgical approaches. This will serve as a roadmap that will help the reader to easily reach a decision of how to treat each skull base pathology.  The general theme is functional and anatomical preservation of key neurovascular structures. Setting such structures as a target and planning an approach that minimizes iatrogenic damage to these structures will lead the surgeon down the road of either open, endoscopic, or a combination of both approaches. A comprehensive book that is versatile to serve as a handbook as well as a detailed reference for skull base surgery does not currently exist. In addition, combining the two main surgical schools represented by endoscopy and open surgery into one reference enhanced by treatment algorithms is another unique feature.

This book attempts to eliminate the existing "e;imbalance"e; between the theory of electric machines and the theory of electromagnetic fields. In order to develop viable methods for engineering calculations, the author applies field equations. The resulting, new methods consist of traditional calculation elements represented in a refined form (circuit-loops, parameters, equivalent circuits and voltage equations). These calculation methods should be effective both for researchers and engineering practitioners, especially, in relation to the modern electric machines, such as powerful turbine generators, large high-speed synchronous motors, etc. 

Now more than ever there is a need to focus on Black men's health in higher education and ensure that future practitioners are trained to ethically and culturally serve this historically oppressed community. This textbook provides practical insight and knowledge that prepare students to work with Black men and their families from a strengths-based and social justice lens. There is a dearth in the literature that discusses the prioritization of Black men¿s health within the context of how they are viewed by societal approaches to engage them in research, and health programming aimed at increasing their participation in health services to decrease their morbidity and mortality rates. Much of the extant literature is over 10 years old and doesn't account for social determinants of health, perceptions of health status, as well as social justice implications that can affect the health outcomes of this historically oppressed population including structuraland systemic racism as well as police brutality and gun violence.The book's 13 chapters represent a diversity of thought and perspectives of experts reflective of various disciplines and are organized in four sections:Part I - Racial Disparities and Black MenPart II - Black Masculinity Part III - Black Men in Research Part IV - Social Justice Implications for Black Men's Health Black Men¿s Health serves as a core text across multiple disciplines and can be utilized in undergraduate- and graduate-level curriculums. It equips students and educators in social work, nursing, public health, and other helping professions with the knowledge and insight that can be helpful in their future experiences of working with Black men or men from other marginalized racial/ethnic groups and their families/social support systems. Scholars, practitioners, and academics in these disciplines, as well as community-based organizations who provide services to Black men and their families, state agencies, and evaluation firms with shared interests also would find this a useful resource.

This edited volume offers a wide-ranging picture of Argentine women filmmakers¿ contribution to the film industry from the 1980s to the present by bringing together the work of highly acclaimed and emerging directors. Through thirteen critical essays by leading scholars in the field of Argentine cinema, the book acknowledges that contemporary women filmmakers have transformed the cinema of Argentina by questioning, challenging and debunking hegemonic patriarchal systems of representation. With a focus on women¿s voices and experiences, the contributions redress both the under-representation of women and girls onscreen and the perpetuation of stereotypes, while exploring the innovative aesthetics used by these filmmakers.

This monograph overviews the importance of electrochemistry in the field of cultural heritage, including archaeology, conservation and restoration topics. The application of electrochemical techniques in these domains have experienced a notable growth during the last ten years, in particular with regards to the elucidation of composition, manufacturing techniques and chronology of archaeological artefacts. This book describes the application of solid state electrochemistry techniques for the use of samples at the nanogram level from paintings, metallic, ceramic, glass, glazed, wooden, and other objects, and it also includes the description of new dating procedures for archaeological objects made of these materials. It is a valuable contribution to the field of cultural heritage and will be of great interest to archaeologists, conservators and restorers as well as to physicists and chemists working on the scientific examination of works of art.

This book updates the first edition for the status of knowledge in the physics of lake ice and the interactions between the ice cover and the liquid water underneath. Since the first edition was written in 2013, there has been a lot of progress in the field, in particular concerning environmental questions and the impact of climate change. Life conditions in ice-covered lakes and practical matters are now brought more into the picture so that the revision also properly serves as a handbook for applications. The author has worked widely with boreal lakes, polar lakes and Central Asian lakes that provides a wide geographical spectrum.Chapter 1 gives a brief overview and presents the research fields. The second chapter contains the classification of ice-covered lakes and observation techniques, especially remote sensing. In Chapter 3, the structure and properties of lake ice are presented including optics and geochemistry. Ice growth and melting are treated in Chapter 4, while the following chapter focuses on ice mechanics with applications to traffic on ice and ice loads. Chapter 6 goes into the exotic environment of pro-glacial lakes. Chapter 7 contains the stratification and circulation of the water body beneath lake ice, Chapter 8 presents the winter ecology of freezing lakes and discusses the lake ice interface toward the society, and Chapter 9 summarizes the climate change impact on lake ice seasons. The book ends into a brief closing chapter and list of references. Research problems for student learning are listed throughout the book. Annexes are included to provide numerical data of constants and standard formulae to help practical calculations and student tasks.Lake ice closely interacts with human living conditions, but people have learnt to live with that and to utilize the ice. In the present time this is true for on-ice traffic and recreation activities. Ice fishing has become a widely enjoyed hobby, and winter sports such as skiing, skating,and ice sailing are popular activities on frozen lakes. The lake ice response to eventual climate warming would appear as a shortening of the ice season due to the increasing air temperature and also as changing of the quality of the ice seasons via changes in ice thickness and structure. The book gives the whole story of lake ice into a single volume. The second, revised edition updates the content based on recent progress in winter limnology and ice physics research and applications. The author has contributed to lake ice research since the 1980s. In particular, his topics have been lake ice structure and thermodynamics, light transfer in ice and snow, ice mechanics in large lakes, and lake ice climatology. Mathematical modeling of ice growth, drift, and decay are covered in this research.

This textbook is designed for the UG/PG students of mathematics for all universities over the world. It is primarily based on the classroom lectures, the authors gave at the University of Delhi. This book is used both for self-study and course text. Full details of all proofs are included along with innumerous solved problems, interspersed throughout the text and at places where they naturally arise, to understand abstract notions. The proofs are precise and complete, backed up by chapter end problems, with just the right level of difficulty, without compromising the rigor of the subject. The book starts with definition and examples of Rings and logically follows to cover Properties of Rings, Subrings, Fields, Characteristic of a Ring, Ideals, Integral Domains, Factor Rings, Prime Ideals, Maximal Ideals and Primary Ideals, Ring Homomorphisms and Isomorphisms, Polynomial Rings, Factorization of Polynomials, and Divisibility in Integral Domains.

This book describes the environment in Galicia (NW Spain), with researchers and professors presenting their own photographs of relevant aspects. This richly illustrated book explains atmospheric, geologic, water, soils, landscapes, and environmental issues and treatments for a broad audience, including students and the general public, to raise awareness and effectively develop strategies to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.

The second edition of this book describes the clinical indications of NIV in patients hospitalized with high-risk infections as well as in the prehospital management of mass casualty incidents, including chemical or biological disasters and pandemics. In recent decades, we have learned the impact that different pandemics and mass casualty disasters can outcome in terms of health resource use, health costs and human lives. The development of respiratory failure in these patients, either infectious or non-infectious causes, has led to develop employment plans related both to invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation during acute respiratory failure.In this book authors evaluate a rational basis for indications, specific noninvasive mechanical ventilation indications in hospitalized patients (tuberculosis, bacterial, virus, etc.) and prehospital applications (mass casualty: chemical, biological disaster), equipment (ventilators, interfaces) and plan organization for health systems: how and when apply NIV. A critical review of already published studies is described as well as implications and how will be the future according to international expert opinions.Therefore, this updated edition represents a useful scientific reference point according to what it has been experienced in the last pandemics, with respect to the growing role that NIV has and must have in the world.

Dieses Buch bietet einen multidisziplinären Überblick über kulturelle Modelle von Emotionen, mit besonderem Augenmerk darauf, wie kulturelle Parameter von Gesellschaften das Gefühlsleben von Menschen in unterschiedlichen kulturellen Kontexten beeinflussen. Es geht über die traditionelle Dichotomie des West-Ost-Vergleichs und damit verbundene Kulturparameter wie Individualismus-Kollektivismus und Machtdistanz hinaus und untersucht auch viele andere kulturelle Dimensionen, die in der Mainstream-Forschung weniger Beachtung gefunden haben.Zu den behandelten Themen gehören:· Grundlegende emotionale Prozesse in kulturellen Kontexten· Kulturelle Komplexität von Emotionen· Kulturelle Werte des Überlebens und der Selbstdarstellung· Gesichtsausdruck von Emotionen in verschiedenen KulturenCultural Models of Emotion" ist ein umfassender Überblick über die internationalen Perspektiven der kulturübergreifenden Erforschung von Emotionen und eine nützlicheQuelle für Forscher in den Bereichen Anthropologie, Soziologie, Psychologie und Kommunikationswissenschaften.

This book describes cutting edge technology using supercritical fluids for the production of foodstuffs, medicals, and polymers. It illustrates the importance and use of basic data for design and operation at industrial scale units. The book's authors have several decades of experience of applied research on how to develop large scale industrial units. It provides readers complete insight in design and operation of industrial high pressure process plants. The book is written so it may be understood for people (with?) little or no background on high pressure process technology. It will provide information on how some foodstuffs, medicals, polymers are produced using high pressure technologies. The book demonstrates the importance of fundamental data, how to measure them and how to apply them to design industrial plants. At the same time, it also serves as a textbook for students.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fine-grained image analysis research and modern approaches based on deep learning, spanning the full range of topics needed for designing operational fine-grained image systems. The author begins by providing detailed background information on FGIA, focusing on recognition and retrieval. The author also provides the fundamentals of convolutional neural networks to further make it easier for readers to understand the technical content in the book. The book introduces the main technical paradigms, technological developments, and representative approaches of fine-grained image recognition and fine-grained image retrieval. The author covers multiple popular research topics and includes cross-domain knowledge. The book also highlights advanced applications and topics for future research.

This book is closely related to the energy conservation problem of rail transport systems, focusing on reducing the energy consumption of train operation. The system process of train operation is analyzed and the relationship between train operation and energy consumption is introduced. The fundamental theories, modelling and application of technologies for energy-efficient train driving are presented, discussing timely topics such as energy-efficient train control and timetabling, integrated timetabling and regenerative braking, and maximizing regenerated energy usage with energy storage systems. In addition, the modelling and application of a traction power simulation platform is introduced, to calculate the detailed energy flow over a railway network. The book is enriched with a set of practical examples to illustrate the performance of the proposed methods in improving energy efficiency of both urban and long-distance trains. Overall, the book provides a timely guide to professionals in the railway industry, and to researchers and graduate students in transport, electrical and control engineering.

This comprehensive atlas is the modern, state-of-the-art guide for intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) and management of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, vagus nerve and other cranial nerves at risk during thyroid, parathyroid and modified radical neck dissection surgery. Based on real-time electrophysiologic images, it will assist the surgeon in the decision-making process by incorporating important information related to the identification of the nerves and their functional status, aiding in the interpretation and improvement of the quality of neural monitoring and reducing inappropriate variations in monitoring technique. Utilization of IONM enables the surgeon to interrogate nerve anatomy and function with immediate quantitative feedback, thereby augmenting surgical training, and importantly, surgical skills and sound anatomic knowledge remain prerequisite and are not supplanted by IONM use. Authored by experts in the field, Atlas of Intraoperative Cranial Nerve Monitoring in Thyroid and Head and Neck Surgery will be the gold-standard text for IONM for endocrine surgeons, otolaryngology surgeons, neurophysiologists, and head and neck surgeons, as well as fellows and residents in these areas.

This book provides an extensive overview of the role of imaging in the detection, diagnosis, management, and follow-up of tuberculosis. Chapters cover the disease's epidemiology and pathophysiology, microbiological diagnosis and pathology relevant to radiologists, and the distinct aspects of imaging tuberculosis at various locations and body systems. This book discusses recent advances in imaging pertaining to tuberculosis, and addresses the approach to patients with tuberculosis and HIV co-infection. The final chapter offers an algorithmic approach to the diagnosis and management steps of tuberculosis. Imaging of Tuberculosis is an updated and comprehensive reference source that covers imaging of tuberculosis in a structured fashion and is valuable for radiologists.

The book focuses on a systemic study of the challenges of the modern economy and related problems and areas of sustainable development of countries, regions, and businesses, with particular attention paid to the new prospects offered by the spread of digital technology. The book¿s contribution to the literature is that it reveals the specifics and digital perspectives of supporting the SDGs in the economy at every level of the economy: country, regional, and corporate, considering sectoral specificities¿this is reflected in six parts of the book. Part 1 identifies contemporary challenges of the modern economy as barriers to sustainable development. Part 2 reflects the future direction of sustainable development of the countries. Part 3 considers the problems and prospects for sustainable development of regions. Part 4 focuses on the problems and prospects for the sustainable development of enterprises and industries. Part 5 sheds light on the economic and legal foundations and cooperative mechanisms of sustainable development. Part 6 offers recommendations for enhancing the use of digital technologies offered by Industry 4.0 to support the SDGs. Scientists whose research interests include sustainable economic development are the primary target audience for this book. For the primary target audience, the book forms a systemic view of the global challenges of sustainable development and offers a set of scientific and methodological recommendations to provide an effective response to these challenges at every level of the economy. An additional audience for the book is practicing experts, who will find international best practices and applied recommendations to support sustainable economic development and implementation of the SDGs in the practice of state (national regulation and public administration of the region) and corporate (in various industries) management.

This book is an evidence-based update on recent most significant advances in dental ceramics, specifically related to the relationships between composition, microstructure and mechanical behavior. Readers will find an introduction to the chemistry of dental ceramics as well as information about the technological progress and practical requirements restorative materials need to satisfy for long-lasting structural integrity. The book uses mechanistic approaches to address failure mechanisms from controlled experiments thus providing the tools for the application of sound research methodologies in the field. It is targeted for researcher and dentists interested in the field of dental ceramic materials and fracture mechanics.

An Introduction to Statistical Learning provides an accessible overview of the field of statistical learning, an essential toolset for making sense of the vast and complex data sets that have emerged in fields ranging from biology to finance, marketing, and astrophysics in the past twenty years. This book presents some of the most important modeling and prediction techniques, along with relevant applications. Topics include linear regression, classification, resampling methods, shrinkage approaches, tree-based methods, support vector machines, clustering, deep learning, survival analysis, multiple testing, and more. Color graphics and real-world examples are used to illustrate the methods presented. This book is targeted at statisticians and non-statisticians alike, who wish to use cutting-edge statistical learning techniques to analyze their data. Four of the authors co-wrote An Introduction to Statistical Learning, With Applications in R(ISLR), which has become a mainstay of undergraduate and graduate classrooms worldwide, as well as an important reference book for data scientists. One of the keys to its success was that each chapter contains a tutorial on implementing the analyses and methods presented in the R scientific computing environment. However, in recent years Python has become a popular language for data science, and there has been increasing demand for a Python-based alternative to ISLR. Hence, this book (ISLP) covers the same materials as ISLR but with labs implemented in Python. These labs will be useful both for Python novices, as well as experienced users.