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This book has expanded classic concept of immunology. Immunoglobulins have been widely discovered to be produced by many non-B cells. The non B cell-derived Igs display multifunction, which not only includes antibody activities and cellular biological functions under physiological conditions, but also directly participate in the pathological process of malignant tumour and immune-related diseases. This book provides new perspectives and a solid foundation for medical students, basic and clinical scientists to re-understand and broaden the physiological and pathological significance of Ig.

The book is a compilation of selected papers from the 13th International Workshop of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation (IWAMA 2023), held in Shanghai University of Engineering Science, China on 15 - 16 October, 2023. Topics focusing on novel techniques for manufacturing and automation in Industry 4.0 are now vital factors for the maintenance and improvement of the economy of a nation and the quality of life. It will help academic researchers and engineers to implement the concept, theory and methods in Industry 4.0 which has been a hot topic. These proceedings will make valuable contributions to academic researchers, engineers in the industry for the challenges in the 4th industry revolution and smart factories.

The book is based on stochastic theory of sediment motion, particularly the theory of transition intensities.It provides a complete theory and equation system of non-equilibrium transport of non-uniform suspended load. The content proposed theory reports, for the first time in literature, the general boundary condition of diffusion equations of non-equilibrium transport with transition intensities. The book also introduces the theoretical expressions of size distribution of the carrying sediment capacity, efficient bed material grade, and saturation recovery coefficientThis book describes the application of non-equilibrium transport theory and provides solutions to some long-standing unsolved controversial problems related to sediment transport. It establishes a generic mathematic model of reservoir sedimentation and river channel evolution; illustrates the same transport regulars of wash load and bed material load; demonstrates the multi-valued nature of carrying-sediment capacity and its single-valued consideration; and describes the mechanism of bed material coarsening. This book is of interest to a wide audience including students, technicians, and academics, primarily working in the field of river hydra-dynamics. In addition, this book receives attention from the research community working in fields, such as hydrogeology, hydraulic engineering, river navigation, wastewater treatment, and environmental protection

Based on the classic adverse selection model, this book sets up the cyber ¿lemons¿ market model and analyzes the basic rule of asymmetric information. This book focuses on the topics as following: Is there ¿lemons¿ in e-commerce market? What rule do the cyber ¿lemons¿ characterize? How to build the cyber ¿lemon¿ market model? What is the particularity of adverse selection in cyber markets? What is more, how to eliminate or avoid the cyber ¿lemons¿ in Chinse e-commerce market?This book aims to provide the accumulation for e-commerce research and support decision-making for management in Chinese e-commerce markets, and suggests trust management solutions to eliminate or decrease the cyber ¿lemons¿. Through this book, it helps readers understand the ideas and effective methods of trust management in the Chinse e-commerce market, while deepening the reverse selection model and theory.

The book features original papers from International Conference on Cryptology & Network Security with Machine Learning (ICCNSML 2023), organized by PSIT, Kanpur, India during 27¿29 October 2023. This conference proceeding provides the understanding of core concepts of Cryptology and Network Security with ML in data communication. The book covers research papers in public key cryptography, elliptic curve cryptography, post-quantum cryptography, lattice based cryptography, non-commutative ring-based cryptography, cryptocurrency, authentication, key agreement, Hash functions, block/stream ciphers, polynomial-based cryptography, code-based cryptography, NTRU cryptosystems, security and privacy in machine learning, blockchain, IoT security, wireless security protocols, cryptanalysis, number theory, quantum computing, cryptographic aspects of network security, complexity theory, and cryptography with machine learning.

This book presents the select proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Recent Advancements of Mechanical Engineering (ICRAME 2022), which was held during 4th to 6th February 2021 at National Institute of Technology Silchar. The book entails the recent developments in different fields of mechanical engineering. The topics covered in this book include thermal engineering, design engineering, production and industrial engineering and surface engineering. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the various fields of mechanical engineering.

The book includes a thorough examination of the many types of algorithms for recommender systems, as well as a comparative analysis of them. It addresses the problem of dealing with the large amounts of data generated by the recommender system. The book also includes two case studies on recommender system applications in healthcare monitoring and military surveillance. It demonstrates how to create attack-resistant and trust-centric recommender systems for sensitive data applications. This book provides a solid foundation for designing recommender systems for use in healthcare and defense.

This edited volume is focused on genomic study of tea crop. This book includes 20 chapters that cover the most relevant and hot topics in tea plant genetics and genomics. A first set of chapters includes its global economic and healthy importance, the botany and taxonomy, main quality and functional components. A second group of chapters deals with genetics, breeding and includes genetic resources, commercial breeding, genetic transformation techniques, as well as the use of marker assisted selection (QTL, GWAS). This will be followed by a set of chapters on omics, including the genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, organelle genome, small RNA and DNA methylation. Two chapters are devoted to biotic and abiotic stresses, continued by two others more chapters focused on the SNP array, and databases for molecular design breeding. Finally, a chapter deals with future perspectives in the omics era for tea breeding.The tea plant is a cross-pollinated, self-incompatible, high heterozygosity, very large genome (~3.2 Gb) which have greatly hindered research and breeding in this crop. In the recent years, modern genetic and genomic tools have contributed to the development of significant valuable resources for the tea genetic improvement.This book is of interest to teachers, tea researchers, tea breeders and tea lovers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, horticulture, beverage plant sciences

This book argues that digital marketing should benefit from emerging technologies to result in sustainable competitive values for businesses in both the digital and physical worlds. It not only explores digital marketing fundamentals, analysis, strategy, practices, and implementation but also explains the applications and relationships of marketing technologies (martechs) with digital marketing; as well as offers several real cases of practicing marketing technologies. It carefully describes how modern businesses offer their value propositions both digitally and physically applying emerging technologies specifically marketing technologies (martechs) and how consumers are using these new technologies particularly artificial intelligence (ChatGPT/ OpenAI). It investigates why consumers are so intrigued and interested in digital relationships, interaction, and shopping experiences. It critically examines and argues that digital marketing has become popular among businesses as they areattempting to serve their customers better by taking advantage of using digital marketing technologies (marketchs).

T¿his three-volume set constitues selected papers presented at the 18th International Conference on Computer Science and Education, ICCSE 2023, held in Sepang, Malaysia, in December 2023. The 106 full papers and 36 short papers presented were thoroughly reviewed and selected from the 305 submissions. They focus on a wide range of computer science topics, especially AI, data science, and engineering, and technology-based education, by addressing frontier technical and business issues essential to the applications of data science in both higher education and advancing e-Society.

This book first traces the evolution of Chinese culture, which has a triple structure. It traces back to the economic basis of the formation of Chinese culture and analyzes the pattern of the formation of Chinese civilization. The book goes deep into the level of cultural genes, explores the origin of Chinese culture, and discusses the construction of contemporary Chinese culture in combination with the general trend of historical process.

This edited volume covers sustainable biomass valorization and its application in various sectors.Bioenergy has concerned enormous attention as a promising alternative to conventional energy resources. Abundance of bioresources and their renewable nature provides a distinct advantage to biofuels from sustainability perspective. Biofuels have found increasing applications in the energy and transportation sector in recent years. Blended fuels are being used worldwide. However, several challenges remain to be addressed due to the diverse nature of biomasses and inherent recalcitrant nature of biological materials used as feedstock. This book aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the production of bioenergy and its applications in various areas. Specific emphasis is given to production of biofuels from modern biomass such as agro-forest waste and dedicated non-edible energy crops that do not interfere with food production. The scope of the book covers synthesis and characterization of biologically derived fuels, advances in microbiological methods and enzyme engineering approaches. The book covers techno-economic analysis to identify challenges and prospects for commercialization of biofuels. The directions for future research should pave way for net zero scenario for a sustainable world.The book will cater to a wide range of readers interested in learning the fundamentals as well as advances in the field of biofuels.

This book exploratively reviews and refines the theoretical system of economics with Chinese characteristics and the analytical framework of Chinese path to modernization. This book aims to reveal answers to the three questions: what has the theoretical system of economics with Chinese characteristics inherited and developed? What are the experiences and lessons of all countries¿ modernization in the world? What is the universality and particularity of Chinese Path to Modernization? As conclusion, the author draws a clue to understand Chinese path to modernization, which is neither ¿making up for the lessons¿ nor a ¿convergence¿, but an ¿innovation¿ built upon the general principles of modernization. Its universality lies in the overall patterns and trends of modernization, that is, the consistent process of the country's pursuit of national economic growth and people's prosperity. The distinctiveness of this path lies in the concurrent transformation of Chinese economic system and the institutional innovations with Chinese characteristics that unfold throughout this ongoing economic process.

This book provides readers with up-to-date advances in applied and interdisciplinary engineering science and technologies related to nonlinear dynamics, vibration, control, robotics, and their engineering applications, developed in the most recent years. All the contributed chapters come from active scholars in the area, which cover advanced theory and methods, innovative technologies, benchmark experimental validations and engineering practices. Readers would benefit from this state-of-the-art collection of applied nonlinear dynamics, in-depth vibration engineering theory, cutting-edge control methods and technologies and definitely find stimulating ideas for their on-going R&D work. This book is intended for graduate students, research staff, and scholars in academics and also provides useful hand-up guidance for professionals and engineers in practical engineering missions.

The book ¿Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Stress: From Signaling Pathways and Microbiomes to Molecular Mechanisms¿ comprehensively examines abiotic stressors¿cold, heat, light, salinity, and water scarcity¿across its 18 chapters. Focusing particularly on Arabidopsis thaliana, it investigates abiotic stresses, adaptation strategies, and molecular pathways. Furthermore, it addresses broader issues, including climate challenges, food security, water scarcity, and agricultural concerns such as soil acidity and aluminum stress. It proposes adaptive measures for cultivating stress-resistant crops and sheds light on genetic modification methods such as CRISPR-Cas9, integrating nanotechnology in plant breeding. Emphasizing transcription factors, post-translational protein modifications, and diverse noncoding RNAs (long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, microRNAs, and small interfering RNAs), the book highlights their role in regulating gene expression during stress responses. It specifically underscores secondary messengers, plant hormones, and MAPK cascades within intracellular signaling pathways. Additionally, it discusses the roles of endophytic bacteria and microbial interactions in bolstering stress resilience. The book explores state-of-the-art research methodologies in plant breeding, omics approaches, and nanotechnology integration for developing stress-resistant crop varieties, advocating for agricultural sustainability. Tailored for plant physiology scientists, academics, and postgraduate students, it amalgamates diverse research findings, serving as a pivotal resource to comprehend intricate plant responses to environmental challenges.

This book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Data and Social Networks, CSoNet 2023, held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in December 2023.The 23 full papers and 14 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The papers are divided into the following topical sections: machine learning and prediction; optimization; security and blockchain; and network analysis.

This book contains select papers on mathematical analysis and modeling, discrete mathematics, fuzzy sets, and soft computing. All the papers were presented at the international conference on FIM28-SCMSPS20 virtually held at Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar (SSN) College of Engineering, Chennai, India, and Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, from November 23-27, 2020. The conference was jointly held with the support of the Forum for Interdisciplinary Mathematics. Both the invited articles and submitted papers were broadly grouped under three heads: Part 1 on analysis and modeling (six chapters), Part 2 on discrete mathematics and applications (six chapters), and Part 3 on fuzzy sets and soft computing (three chapters).

This book is a superbly illustrated guide to the latest endoscopic approaches employed in surgery to the lumbar spine. In the past, spinal endoscopic surgeries have been performed mainly in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, but indications have now expanded owing to breakthroughs in surgical methods and instruments. Furthermore, in addition to the traditional percutaneous transforaminal approach, various other approaches are now feasible, including the posterior, paraspinal, transpedicular, and contralateral. This book describes and illustrates the full array of approaches in indications including lumbar central stenosis, lumbar foraminal stenosis, and lumbar disc herniation. Detailed guidance is also provided on endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion, covering the oblique, uniportal, and biportal approaches. Supplementary surgical videos further facilitate understanding and execution of the described procedures. Written by expert spinal endoscopy surgeons with extensive practical experience and a record of academic achievement, the book will be an ideal aid for spine surgeons at all levels of experience.

This book presents various concepts and applications related to risk-conscious operations management. It also provides an overview of the risk-based engineering ¿ fundamental to the concept of risk-conscious operations management. It presents the reliability concept to support Dependency Modelling, which includes hardware systems structures and components for reliability improvement and risk reduction. The book further develops and builds attributes and model for risk-conscious culture ¿ critical to characterize operational approach to risk and presents human factor modelling, where it works on developing an approach for human error precursor analysis. This book will be useful for students, researchers, academicians and professionals working on identifying risk and reliability issues in complex safety and mission critical systems. It will also be beneficial for industry risk-and-reliability experts and operational safety staff working in the complex engineering systems.