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This volume focuses on the computational modeling of cell signaling networks and the application of these models and model-based analysis to systems and personalized medicine. Chapters guide readers through various modeling approaches for signaling networks, new methods and techniques that facilitate model development and analysis, and new applications of signaling network modeling towards systems and personalized treatment of cancer. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Computational Modeling of Signaling Networks aims to benefit a wide spectrum of readers including researchers from the biological as well as computational systems biology communities.

This detailed volume explores practical procedures on the identification and quantification of pesticides in a variety of samples. Chapters guide the reader through methods and protocols for the extraction of pesticides from biological and non-biological samples, pitfalls in dosing techniques and structures identification, and also provide an overview of the problems that these pesticides cause in human populations. As part of the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of reagents and materials, step-by-step guides and reproducible lab protocols, as well as valuable tips on addressing common problems and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Pesticide Toxicology is an ideal reference for academia, analysts, toxicologists, environmentalists, and health and industry professionals aiming to understand the associated risks and to limit the use of these substancesand minimize their potential damage to human health and the environment.

The traditional use of organic colorants is to impart color to a substrate such as textiles, paper, plastics, and leather. However, in the last five years or so organic colorants have become increasingly important in the high­ technology (hi-tech) industries of electronics and particularly reprographics. In some of these reprographics applications the organic colorant is used in its traditional role of imparting color to a substrate, typically paper or plastic. Examples are dyes for ink-jet printing, thermally transferable dyes for thermal transfer printing, and dyes and pigments for colored toners in photocopiers and laser printers. In other applications it is a special effect of an organic colorant that is utilized, not its color. Examples are electrical effects, such as photoconduction and the electrostatic charging of toners, both of which are essential features for the operation of photocopiers and laser printers, and the selective absorption of infrared radiation, which is utilized in optical data storage. In electronic applications the organic colorant is often employed in a device. Typical examples include liquid crystal dyes, laser dyes, electro­ chromic dyes, dyes for solar cells, dyes for micro color filters, and dyes for nonlinear optical applications.

X-ray crystallography provides us with the most accurate picture we can get of atomic and molecular structures in crystals. It provides a hard bedrock of structural results in chemistry and in mineralogy. In biology, where the structures are not fully crystalline, it can still provide valuable results and, indeed, the impact here has been revolutionary. It is still an immense field for young workers, and no doubt will provide yet more striking developments of a major character. It does, however, require a wide range of intellectual application, and a considerable ability in many fields. This book will provide much help. It is a very straightforward and thorough guide to every aspect of the subject. The authors are ex- perienced both as research workers and as teachers of standing, and this is shown in their clarity of exposition. There are plenty of illustrations and worked examples to aid the student to obtain a real grasp of the subject. The practical side is encouraged by the very clarity of the theory.

Number 25 of this acclaimed series breaks new ground with articles on charge transfer across liquid-liquid interfaces, electrochemical techniques to study hydrogen ingress in metals, and electrical breakdown of liquids. Also included are articles on the measurement of corrosion and ellipsometry, bringing these older subjects up to date.

This volume details a wide range of consumer research methods from different disciplines with an application to food and beverages. Each chapter is written by well-known researchers in the field that guides the reader on a specific method in applied consumer research. Chapters are separated by disciplines, detail brief theoretical background, provide a clear examples of the methodology, anthropology, history, linguistics, and visual arts, culinary arts, design, and user experience are also approached. The separation of methods through disciplines gives a better structure to the reader when trying to apply each method. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Consumer Research Methods in Food Science detail clear steps and a framework to reproduce consumer research methods in different applications.

1. Introduction; J. Cummins. Part 1: Programs for Indigenous Groups. 2. Bilingual Programs Involving Aboriginal Languages in Australia; S. Harris, B. Devlin. 3. Maori-English Bilingual Education in New Zealand; A.E. Durie. 4. Bilingual Education in Africa: An Overview; M.A. Obondo. 5. Language in Education in Kenyan Schools; G. Buny. 6. American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Bilingual Education; T.L. McCarty. 7. Bilingual Education for Indigenous Groups in Canada; C. Heimbecker. 8. Bilingual Education for Indigenous Groups in India; L.M. Khubchandani. 9. Sami Bilingual Education in Norway; A. Balto, J. Todal. 10. Bilingual Education in the South Pacific; H. Lotherington-Woloszyn. Part 2: Programs for National Minority Groups. 11. Bilingual Education in the Basque Country; M.C. Garmendia, I. Agote. 12. Bilingual Education in Slovenia; S.N. Lukanovic. 13. Bilingual Education in Friesland; D. Gorter. 14. Bilingual Education in Ireland, Scotland and Wales; C. Baker. 15. Ladino-Italian Bilingual Programs in Italy; P.E. Balboni. 16. Sorb-German Bilingual Education; B. Hall. 17. Bilingual Education in China; Dongyan Ru Blatchford. 18. Programs for Minority Francophones in Canada; D. Gérin-Lajoie. 19. Bilingual Education in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia; Ho Wah Kam, R.Y. Wong. Part 3: Programs for International (Migrant) Minority Groups.20. Bilingual Education in the United States; C. Faltis. 21. Bilingual Education for Immigrant Students in the Netherlands; S. Kroon, T. Vallen. 22. Bilingual Education for Immigrant Groups in Australia; J. Gibbons. 23. Bilingual Education for Finnish Minority Students in Sweden; T. Skutnabb-Kangas. Part 4: Programs for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students. 24. Deaf Bilingual Bicultural Education; H. Gibson, et al. Part 5: Programs for Dominant Language Groups. 25. Immersion Programs in Brunei; G.M. Jones. 26. Bilingual Education in Lebanon; K.A. Shabaan. 27. French Immersion Programs in Canada; M.K. Swain. 28. Two-Way Bilingual Education Programs in the United States; K.J. Lindholm. 29. Bilingual Education in Hong Kong; A. Mei Yi Lin. 30. Swedish Immersion Programs in Finland; C. Laurén. 31. Immersion Education in Catalonia; J. Arnau.

Introduction; L. van Lier. Part One: Historical and Theoretical Issues. 1. Language Awareness and Knowledge about Language: An Overview; A. van Essen. 2. Pedagogical Grammar: From Prescriptive to Descriptive; J. Walmsley. 3. The History of Language Awareness in the UK; G. Donmall-Hicks. 4. The Theory and Practice of Argument in Education; P. Costello. Part Two: Knowledge about Language and the Langauge Learner. 5. Metalinguistic Development in First-Language Acquisition; J.-E. Gombert. 6. Phonological Awareness and Learning to Read; T. Nicholson. 7. Language Awareness and Learning Styles; S. Jones. Part Three: Knowledge about Language, the Curriculum and the Classroom. 8. Whole Language: The Whole Story; K. Goodman. 9. Language Awareness at the International High School; A. de Fazio. 10. Task-Based Grammar Work in Second Language Classes; R. Ellis. 11. Language Awareness and Translation; P. Zabalbeascoa. 12. Language Awareness and Language Switching; S. Papaeftyhmiou-Lytra. 13. Morphological Awareness and the Second Language Learner; D. Sandra. 14. Literacy and Genre; A. Freedman, P. Richardson. 15. Esperanto and Language Awareness; M. Fettes. Part Four: Teacher Development. 16. The Teacher as Educational Linguist; C. Brumfit. 17. Fostering Language Awareness through In-Service Teacher Education; T. Wright, R. Bolitho. 18. Awareness Raising about Classroom Interaction; A. Tsui. 19. Assessors' Language Awareness in the Evaluation of Academic Writing; B. Maylath. 20. The Teaching, Learning and Assessment of Argument; S. Mitchell. Part Five: Critical Language Awareness. 21. Critical Discourse Analysis and Educational Change; R. Clark, R. Ivanic. 22. Awareness of Non-Standard Varieties in the Schools; D. Corson. 23. The Role of Language Awareness in Critical Pedagogy; C.A. Wallace. 24. Language Awareness, Power, and Administrator/Teacher Discourse; D. Waite. 25. The Commodification of Classroom Discourse in Postmodern Contexts; S. Wortham. 26. Language Use and Awareness in the Multicultural Work Place; K. Malcolm. Index.

Most of our knowledge about the physical structure and the chemical composition of the Earth's deep interior is inferred from seismic data. The interpretation of seismic waves generally follows the assumption that the Earth's physical structure is grossly layered and that fluctuations of the physical parameters within individual layers are smooth in structure and small in magnitude. While this view greatly facilitates the analytic and interpretative procedure, it is clearly at odds with evidence from outcrops and boreholes, which indicates that compositional, structural and petrophysical heterogeneity in the Earth prevails over a wide range of scales. This book is the first to unify three different views of crustal and upper mantle heterogeneity. It brings together the geological view, which is derived from the analysis of crustal exposures and deep boreholes; the stochastic view, which attempts to find order and structure in these seemingly chaotic data; and the seismological view, which considers the end product of the complex interaction of seismic energy with the heterogeneous structure at depth. John Goff and Klaus Holliger have compiled chapters that explore and quantify the relationship between geological and petrophysical heterogeneity and its seismic response, and use seismic data to probe the fabric of the Earth's interior. Geologists, geostaticians, and geophysicists alike will benefit from the integrative perspective presented in Heterogeneity in the Crust and Upper Mantle: Nature, Scaling, and Seismic Properties, making this text an unparalleled reference for professionals and students in Earth science fields.

This detailed volume focuses on genotyping and validation in addition to information on how to produce gene edited cells and animals for research. Future advances in biomedical research will benefit greatly from the use of precise gene targeting of transgenes in the genome as CRISPR technology supersedes earlier methods that relied on random transgene integration, which this collection reflects. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, as well as tips for troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Transgenesis: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers working with or working on genetically modified models.

This volume provides a collection of protocols from researchers in the statistical genomics field. Chapters focus on integrating genomics with other ¿omics¿ data, such as transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Statistical Genomics hopes that by covering these diverse and timely topics researchers are provided insights into future directions and priorities of pan-omics and the precision medicine era.

This open access volume provides an overview of the latest methods used to study neuronal function with all-optical experimental approaches, where light is used for both stimulation and monitoring of neuronal activity. The chapters in this book cover topics over a broad range, from fundamental background information in both physiology and optics in the context of all-optical neurophysiology experiments, to the design principles and hardware implementation of optical methods used for photoactivation and imaging. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, All-Optical Methods to Study Neuronal Function is a valuable resource for researchers in various disciplines such as physics, engineering, and neuroscience. This book will serve as a guide to establish useful references for groups starting out in this field, and provide insight on the optical systems, actuators, and sensors. This is an open access book.