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Providing a comprehensive presentation of the diagnosis, evaluation and management of malunions, this generously illustrated text details the current principles, surgical techniques and approaches with these challenging clinical situations. Since each malunion can be fairly specific, the treatment regimens provide guidelines to effectively approach such problems. Opening with a brief overview of the principles of malunions, the remainder of the book is divided by anatomical area and provides evidence-based recommendations, case examples, and preferred treatment/algorithms for both the upper and lower extremities, including the clavicle, proximal and distal humerus, hand and wrist, proximal and distal femur, and tibia and ankle, as well as the pelvis and acetabulum. Specialized circumstances are also discussed, including periprosthetics and joint replacement.Although not every single treatment option is described for every single anatomical area and type of injury, Malunions is an excellent resource for orthopedic trauma surgeons, residents and students, not only for managing these common yet complex problems but also in preventing malunions from occurring by avoiding surgical causes and mitigating patient risk factors.

When the first edition of Vascular Reconstructions was published almost twenty years ago, endovascular surgery was still in its infancy. Endovascular approaches became the preferred initial intervention for many vascular pathologies resulting in a major decrease in open vascular surgical procedures. In order to build upon changes in the management of vascular pathology over the past two decades, this second edition of Vascular Reconstructions was conceived. The first part starts with a review of commonly used vascular instruments and an overview of grafts and sutures used in vascular reconstructions. A detailed chapter on vascular anatomy and exposures is provided to serve as a quick reference before starting a vascular procedure. The remaining chapters in the first part of this book review the basic steps usually performed before and after constructing a vascular anastomosis in addition to thrombectomy and endarterectomy. The second part of this book focuses on the various methods used to conduct a vascular reconstruction, which include primary closure, closure with a patch angioplasty, end-to-end, end-to-side, and side- to-side anastomoses. The various possible modifications used are outlined. The third part of this book reviews the various adjunctive methods used when constructing the proximal or distal anastomoses of an infrainguinal bypass. The fourth part of the book reviews the various modifications that are carried out when constructing the proximal and distal anastomoses of an aortic occlusive or aneurysmal pathology. The vascular anastomoses workshop that inspired the conception of this book is included as an appendix. The fifth part focuses on endovascular therapy and imaging.Vascular Reconstructions: Anatomy, Exposures, and Techniques 2nd Edition aims to make the vascular rotation a pleasant experience for surgical residents, the vascular faculty, recent graduates embarking on conducting vascular reconstructionsindependently, and healthcare providers who wish to be familiar with the various steps involved in conducting a vascular procedure.

This volume describes a range of methods used in complement laboratories and how to interpret the data. Chapters detail methods for depletion of IgG and IgM, quantification of complement proteins, C3dg quantification, complement C3 deposition on endothelial cells, anti-C1q auto-antibodies, and methods for assessment of interactions of proteins with heme. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and clearly written, The Complement System: Innovative Diagnostic and Research Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This thorough book collects methods and strategies to analyze proteomics data. It is intended to describe how data obtained by gel-based or gel-free proteomics approaches can be inspected, organized, and interpreted to extrapolate biological information. Organized into four sections, the volume explores strategies to analyze proteomics data obtained by gel-based approaches, different data analysis approaches for gel-free proteomics experiments, bioinformatic tools for the interpretation of proteomics data to obtain biological significant information, as well as methods to integrate proteomics data with other omics datasets including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and other types of data. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detailed implementation advice that will ensure high quality results in the lab. Authoritative and practical, Proteomics Data Analysis serves as an idealguide to introduce researchers, both experienced and novice, to new tools and approaches for data analysis to encourage the further study of proteomics.Chapter 16 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This volume presents the most recent advances in techniques for studying the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression (PTR). With sections on bioinformatics approaches, expression profiling, the protein and RNA interactome, the mRNA lifecycle, and RNA modifications, the book guides molecular biologists toward harnessing the power of this new generation of techniques, while also introducing the data analysis skills that these high-throughput techniques require. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation, Third Edition serves as a versatile resource for researchers studying post-transcriptional regulation by both introducing the most recent techniques and providing a comprehensive guide to their implementation. Chapter 6 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book provides comprehensive methods and protocols about enzyme design. The chapters are grouped by main topic, starting with methodologies describing library preparation and screening, state of the art techniques in directed evolution and rational design, followed by examples of immobilization of enzymes on sustainable polymers, as well as biocatalytic conversions mediated by homogenous enzymatic preparations or whole cells. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and timely, Enzyme Engineering: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for both the novice and the veteran researcher interested in biocatalysis.Chapter 13 is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.

For the last eighteen years, I have been teaching an introductory course in as­ trophysics. The course is intended for nonscience majors satisfying a general education requirement in natural science. It is a physics course with applications in astronomy. The only prerequisite is the high school mathematics required for ad­ mission to the university. For a number of years, I used an astronomy text, which I supplemented with lecture notes on physics. There are many good astronomy texts available, but this was not a satisfactory state of affairs, since the course is a physics course. The students needed a physics text that focused on astronomical applications. Over the last few years, I have developed a text which my students have been using in manuscript form in this course. This book is an outgrowth of that effort. The purpose of the book is to develop the physics that describes the behavior of matter here on the earth and use it to try to understand the things that are seen in the heavens. Following a brief discussion of the history of astronomy from the Greeks through the Copernican Revolution, we begin to develop the physics needed to understand three important problems at a level accessible to undergraduate nonscience majors: (1) the solar system, (2) the structure and evolution of stars, and (3) the early universe. All ofthese are related to the fundamental problem of how matter and energy behave in space and time.

Beginning with methods for the development and study of viruses, the book continues with current techniques and approaches used to develop new treatments from virus-derived vaccines to vectors and proteins, such as a range of models and methods designed to measure therapeutic efficacy of virus-derived biologics and therapeutic proteins.

Beginning with methods for the development and study of viruses, the book continues with current techniques and approaches used to develop new treatments from virus-derived vaccines to vectors and proteins, such as a range of models and methods designed to measure therapeutic efficacy of virus-derived biologics and therapeutic proteins.

This detailed second edition provides key updates on well-established methods as well as coverage of recently emerging sophisticated techniques and methods that are essential for an in-depth and state-of-the-art understanding of skeletal development and homeostasis and the pathological mechanisms that cause skeletal degeneration.

This detailed second edition provides key updates on well-established methods as well as coverage of recently emerging sophisticated techniques and methods that are essential for an in-depth and state-of-the-art understanding of skeletal development and homeostasis and the pathological mechanisms that cause skeletal degeneration.

Part I: Detection, Quantification, and Confirmation 1. Traditional Methods of Analysis for Listeria monocytogenes            Rui Magalh├úes, Cristina Mena, V├ónia Ferreira, Gon├ºalo Almeida, Joana Silva, and Paula Teixeira 2. MALDI-ToF MS: A Rapid Methodology for Identifying and Subtyping Listeria monocytogenes            Snehal R. Jadhav, Rohan M. Shah, and Enzo A. Palombo 3. Sample Preparation for qPCR Detection of Listeria from Food            Patrick Mester, Anna Kristina Witte, and Peter Rossmanith 4. qPCR Validation on the Basis of the Listeria monocytogenes prfA Assay            Anna Kristina Witte, Patrick Mester, and Peter Rossmanith Part II: Subtyping Approaches 5. Serotype Assignment by Sero-Agglutination, ELISA, and PCR            Lisa Gorski 6. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes            Karen Hunt and Kieran Jordan 7. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua            Beatrix Stessl, Martin Wagner, and Werner Ruppitsch Part III: Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization 8. High-Throughput Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Using the OmniLog Phenotypic Microarray            Laura Luque-Sastre, Kieran Jordan, S├⌐amus Fanning, and Edward M. Fox 9. High-Throughput Screening of Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes on Stainless Steel Coupons Using a 96-Well Plate Format            Jessica A. Gray, P. Scott Chandry, John P. Bowman, and Edward M. Fox 10. Confocal Laser Microscopy Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms and Spatially Organized Communities            Maud Darsonval, Marina Gr├⌐goire, Julien Deschamps, and Romain Briandet 11. Extraction and Preparation of Listeria monocytogenes Subproteomes for Mass Spectrometry Analysis            Tiago Santos and Michel H├⌐braud Part IV: Strain Manipulation 12. Extraction and Analysis of Plasmid DNA from Listeria monocytogenes            Aidan Casey and Olivia McAuliffe 13. Generation of Nonpolar Deletion Mutants in Listeria monocytogenes Using the "SOEing" Method            Kathrin Rychli, Eva Harter, Caitriona M. Guinane, Karen Daly, Colin Hill, and Paul D. Cotter 14. Mutant Construction and Integration Vector-Mediated Genetic Complementation in Listeria monocytogenes            Cameron Parsons, Reha Azizoglu, Driss Elhanafi, and Sophia Kathariou 

This updated book explores a wide repertoire of tools and approaches that have been created, modified, and applied to the study of L. monocytogenes, forming the basis of our understanding of the bacterium today. Many of these key experimental techniques are gathered together herein. The volume presents aspects such as clinical disease and host-pathogen interactions, as well as the study of biofilms which present a significant challenge for control of the organism in the food processing environment. The topics covered in this edition also include sampling in order to isolate Listeria, methods for their identification and characterization, methods for gene manipulation, and methods for control of the organism. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Listeria monocytogenes: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to contribute toward the harmonization of methods used to study this important bacterium, and to be of particular interest to Listeria research both in relation to food association and control as well as clinical microbiology.

This Open Access volume provides readers with an open access protocol collection and wide-ranging recommendations for preclinical renal MRI used in translational research.

This detailed second edition presents a wide variety of marine invertebrate model systems, from cephalochordata to holothurians, along with novel experimental protocols for taking advantage of their unique properties.