Bøker utgitt av Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

This is the ideal book for anyone contemplating starting a career in, or shifting their career to, studying the dynamics that drive cancer progression and its response to therapy. Topics include the theory and population genetics of cancers, genetic diversity within tumors (intra-tumor heterogeneity), understanding how mutant clones expand in tissues, the role of cancer stem cells in the dynamics of tumors, the evolution of metastasis, and how to improve cancer therapy by addressing the evolution of cancers in response to our interventions. There are also chapters on the patterns of cancer susceptibility in humans due to a mismatch between our modern environment and the environment in which our ancestors evolved, as well as a chapter on the evolution of cancer suppression mechanisms that have evolved in different species, particularly the large long-lived animals like elephants and whales that are better at suppressing cancers than humans. This book serves as a primer on the evolutionary and ecological theory of cancer- the framework upon which all the details of cancer may be hung. It is ideal for oncologists and cancer researchers interested in evolutionary theory, and evolutionary biologists and ecologists interested in gaining insights into cancer development and prevention.

This informative text details the many changes in everyday life as the result of injury, illness, or aging affecting the brain. Experts across brain-related fields trace mechanisms of conditions such as Parkinson's disease, TBI, and dementia as they impact regions of the brain, and resulting cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor impairments as they contribute to deficits in personal and social functioning. In addition to symptoms and behaviors associated with insults to the brain (and the extent to which the brain can adapt or self-repair), chapters provide cogent examples of how societal and cultural expectations can shape the context and experience of disability. The book's focus on everyday activities brings new clarity to diverse links between symptoms and diagnosis, brain and behavior.Included in the coverage:·The aging brain and changes in daily function.·Stroke: impact on life and daily function.·Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the impact on daily life.·Everyday life with cancer.·Real-world impact of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment.·Disability and public policy in America.·Living after brain changes, from the patient's perspective.Rich in empirical data and human insight, Changes in the Brain gives neuropsychologists, clinical psychologists, clinical social workers, and rehabilitation nurses a robust new understanding of the daily lives of patients, both in theory and in the real world.

This handbook compiles state-of-the-art empirical studies and applications using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It includes a collection of 18 chapters written by DEA experts. Chapter 1 examines the performance of CEOs of U.S. banks and thrifts. Chapter 2 describes the network operational structure of transportation organizations and the relative network data envelopment analysis model. Chapter 3 demonstrates how to use different types of DEA models to compute total-factor energy efficiency scores with an application to energy efficiency. In chapter 4, the authors explore the impact of incorporating customers' willingness to pay for service quality in benchmarking models on cost efficiency of distribution networks, and chapter 5 provides a brief review of previous applications of DEA to the professional baseball industry, followed by two detailed applications to Major League Baseball.Chapter 6 examines efficiency and productivity of U.S. property-liability (P-L) insurers using DEA, while chapter 7 presents a two-stage network DEA model that decomposes the overall efficiency of a decision-making unit into two components. Chapter 8 presents a review of the literature of DEA models for the perfoemance assessment of mutual funds, and chapter 9 discusses the management strategies formulation of the international tourist hotel industry in Taiwan. Chapter 10 presents a novel use of the two-stage network DEA to evaluate sustainable product design performances. In chapter 11 authors highlight limitations of some DEA environmental efficiency models, and chapter 12 reviews applications of DEA in secondary and tertiary education.Chapter 13 measures the relative performance of New York State school districts in the 2011-2012 academic year. Chapter 14 provides an introductory prelude to chapters 15 and 16, which both provide detailed applications of DEA in marketing. Chapter 17 then shows how to decompose a new total factor productivity index that satisfies all economically-relevant axioms from index theory with an application to U.S. agriculture. Finally, chapter 18 presents a unique study that conducts a DEA research front analysis, applying a network clustering method to group the DEA literature over the period 2000 to 2014.

Every year, around the world, between 250,000 and 500,000 people suffer a spinal cord injury (SCI). This book will present comprehensive information on the unique physiologic effects of SCI and the potential role of exercise in treating and mitigating these effects.

The clinical laboratory is often known as a "black box" to nurses, physicians, and surgeons, but this concise book removes the veil by covering all the pertinent aspects of the clinical laboratory.

This both accessible and exhaustive book will help to improve modeling of attention and to inspire innovations in industry. Those working in the field as engineers will benefit from this book's introduction to the psychological and biological approaches to attention, and neuroscientists can learn about engineering work on attention.

The latest in a series of books from the International Hypoxia Symposia, this volume spans reviews on key topics in hypoxia, and abstracts from poster and oral presentations.

The interest in 'biomarkers' seen across a spectrum of biomedical disciplines reflects the rise of molecular biology and genetics. A host of 'omics' disciplines in addition to genomics, marked by multidimensional data and complex analyses, and enabled by bioinformatics, have pushed the trajectory of biomarker development even further. They have also made more tractable the complex mappings of genotypes to phenotypes - genome-to-phenome mapping - to which the concept of a biomarker is central.Genomic investigations of the brain are beginning to reveal spectacular associations between genes and neural systems. Neural and cognitive phenomics are considered a necessary complement to genomics of the brain. Other major omics developments such as connectomics, the comprehensive mapping of neurons and neural networks, are heralding brain maps of unprecedented detail. Such developments are defining a new era of brain science. And in this new research environment, neural systems and cognitive operations are pressed for new kinds of definitions - that facilitate brain-behavioral alignment in an omics operating environment. This volume explores the topic of markers framed around the constructs of cognitive and neural systems. 'Neurophenotype' is a term adopted to describe a neural or cognitive marker that can be scientifically described within an associative framework - and while the genome-to-phenome framework is the most recognized of these, epigenetics and non-gene-regulated neural dynamics also suggest other frameworks. In either case, the term neurophenotype defines operational constructs of brain-behavioral domains that serve the integration of these domains with neuroscientific and omics models of the brain. The topic is critically important to psychiatry and neuropsychology: Neurophenotypes offer a 'format' and a 'language' by which psychiatry and neuropsychology can be in step with the brain sciences. They also bring a new challenge to the clinical neurosciences in terms of construct validation and refinement. Topics covered in the volume include:Brain and cognition in the omics eraPhenomics, connectomics, and Research Domain CriteriaCircuit-based neurophenotypes, and complications posed by non-gene regulated factorsThe legacy of the endophenotype concept - its utility and limitationsVarious potential neurophenotypes of relevance to clinical neuroscience, including ResponseInhibition, Fear Conditioning and Extinction, Error Processing, Reward Dependence and Reward Deficiency, Face Perception, and Language PhenotypesDynamic (electrophysiological) and computational neurophenotypesThe challenge of a cultural shift for psychiatry and neuropsychology The volume may be especially relevant to researchers and clinical practitioners in psychiatry and neuropsychology and to cognitive neuroscientists interested in the intersection of neuroscience with genomics, phenomics and other omics disciplines.

This comprehensive volume explores human genetic engineering its pre-clinical and clinical applications, current developments, and as treatment for hereditary diseases. It presents and evaluates the most recent advances in the understanding of mammalian host DNA repair mechanisms, such as double-strand break induced gene targeting and mutagenesis, the development of zinc-finger nucleases, genome editing for neuromuscular diseases, phase integrases, triplex forming oligonucleotides and peptide nucleic acids, aptamer-guided gene targeting, AAV gene editing via DSB repair, engineered nucleases and trinucleotide repeat diseases, and creation of HIV-resistant cells. The expertly authored chapters contextualize current developments within the history of genome editing while also discussing the current and potential safety concerns of this rapidly growing field.Genome Editing: The Next Step in Gene Therapy, the latest volume in the American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy series, deftly illuminates the potential of genetic engineering technology to eradicate today¿s deadliest and most prolific diseases. It is ideal reading for clinicians and researchers in genetics and immunology.

This book sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms that generate circadian rhythms. It examines how biological rhythms influence physiological processes such as sleep, hormone synthesis and secretion, immunity, kidney function, the cardiovascular system, blood pressure, and the digestive system.

Translational Neuroscience offers a far-reaching and insightful series of perspectives on the effort to bring potentially revolutionary new classes of therapies to the clinic, thereby transforming the treatment of human nervous system disorders. Great advances in the fields of basic neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, gene therapy, cell therapy, stem cell biology, information technology, neuro devices, rehabilitation and others over the last 20 years have generated unprecedented opportunities to treat heretofore untreatable disorders of the nervous system. This book provides a wide-ranging yet detailed sample of many of these efforts, together with the methods for pursuing clinical translation and assessing clinical outcomes. Among the topics covered are Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, motor neuron disease, pain, inborn errors of metabolism, brain tumors, spinal cord injury, neuroprosthetics, rehabilitation and clinical trial design/consideration.Translational Neuroscience is aimed at basic neuroscientists, translational neuroscientists and clinicians who seek to gain a perspective on the nature and promise of translational therapies in the current era. Both students and established professionals will benefit from the content.

Providing a comprehensive review of the interactions between exercise and human reproduction, this unique text focuses on both the positive and negative consequences of sport and physical activity on male and female fertility and infertility and the biological mechanisms and processes behind them. Beginning with a review of the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems as well as fertilization and gestation, the discussion then turns to the physiology and endocrinology of sport and exercise, which is further elaborated in subsequent chapters on the impact of physical activity, hormonal changes, pathologies, and consequences of drug use for active men and women. Additional chapters address related topics, such as the impact of sport on young athletes and developing reproductive potential, physical activity and pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives in athletes, oxidative stress, and the impact of nutritional deficiencies on athletes' fertility, with a final chapter providing recommendations and therapeutic guidelines for exercise-related reproductive disorders. Covering everything from  the fundamental principles of sports physiology and human reproductive potential to the interaction between physical exercise and the endocrinology of the reproductive system, Exercise and Human Reproduction is an authoritative resource for helping clinicians understand how the reproductive system adapts to activity and exercise and offers strategies to avoid potential harm to human reproduction.

Taking a multidisciplinary approach to a common and often frustrating problem for athletes and those with an active lifestyle, this book is the first of its kind, addressing muscular injuries to the posterior leg using an in-depth and expansive style that is uniquely dedicated to ensuring all content is explicitly linked to the practical care of patients with calf pain. It is divided thematically into three sections. The first section covers underlying principles involved in these issues, including anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology of injury and neurophysiology of musculoskeletal pain. Clinical assessment techniques and imaging are covered in the second section. The third section on treatment is the most expansive, discussing acute, sub-acute and chronic posterior leg muscle injuries, as well as surgical management, rehabilitation techniques, complementary medicine and special populations. Overall, the book is designed to use muscular injuries of the posterior leg to as a means to understand the assessment and treatment of muscular injuries more broadly. Taken together, it is the consummate source for orthopedists, doctors in sports medicine, podiatrists, rehabilitation professionals and primary care physicians who treat muscular injuries in the posterior leg, though reader will gain a conceptual and practical framework for the assessment and treatment of muscular injuries in general.

The conference included discussion on a diverse range of geosciences, including military history, military geology, teaching geology from a military prospective, geological influence on the battlefield, and environmental and cultural issues related to management of military lands.

It presents the basic concepts behind circulating tumor cells (CTCs), metastatic biology, and potential applications as to how CTCs can be used in diagnostic biomarkers. CTCs are cells that have detached from the primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream.

Discovering hidden recurring patterns in observable behavioral processes is an important issue frequently faced by numerous advanced students and researchers across many research areas, including psychology, biology, sports, robotics, media, finance, and medicine. As generally, themany powerful methods included in statistical software packages were not developed for this kind of analysis, discovering such patterns has proven a particularly difficult task, due to a lack of a) adequate formalized models of the kinds of patterns to look for, b) corresponding detection algorithms and c) their implementation in available software. The research described in this book is based on the application of such pattern types, algorithms and software developed from the late seventies to the present in the context of research in collaboration with human and animal behavioral research teams at internationally leading universities in the US and Europe, thus testing the usefulness and validity of the pattern types, algorithms and software in numerous research areas. With the (scale independent statistical hierarchical and fractal-like) T-Pattern at its heart, a set of proposed pattern types, called the T-System, forms the basis for the search algorithms implemented as the software THEME (TM) (vs. 6), which is easily available in free educational and full commercial versions.

The aim of this volume is to further develop the relationship between culture and manifold phenomena of creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship in order to promote further and better understanding how, why, and when these phenomena are manifested themselves across different cultures.Currently, cross-cultural research is one of the most dynamically and rapidly growing areas. At the same time, creativity, inventiveness, innovation, and entrepreneurship are championed in the literature as the critical element that is vital not just for companies, but also for the development of societies. A sizable body of research demonstrates that cultural differences may foster or inhibit creative, inventive, innovative and entrepreneurial activities; and each culture has its own strengths and weaknesses in these regards. Better understanding of cultural diversity in these phenomena can help to build on strengths and overcome weaknesses.Cross-cultural studies in this field represent a comparatively new class of interdisciplinary research. This is a field where cultural, sociological, psychological, historical, economic, management, technology and business studies closely intersect. In this book, a global team of researchers representing Europe, Asia, and the Americas review, analyze, structure, systematize and discuss various concepts, assumptions, speculations, theories, and empirical research which focus on the effect of national cultures on creativity, invention, innovation, and entrepreneurship. They argue that national culture is not only an extremely important determinant of innovation and business development, but also demonstrate that some aspects relating to these phenomena may be universal among all cultures, thereby identifying those factors that may easily be transferred across cultures from those that are unique to their specific context.

The International Society for Justice Research (ISJR) aims to provide a platform for interdisciplinary justice scholars who are encouraged to present and exchange their ideas.

High pressure processing technology has been adopted worldwide at the industrial level to preserve a wide variety of food products without using heat or chemical preservatives.

This trip backward in time capsulizes in a general way the geologic development of the area that is now northern Alaska. Subsequently, the region that is now northern Alaska moved southward and impinged upon a northward moving plate, or plates, from the Pacific region.

The idea for an international symposium on regulated streams was conceived over an open-faced sandwich at the R&dhus in Copenhagen when we attended the Congress of the Societas Internationalis Lim nologiae in summer 1977.

Acoustic remote sensing of the ocean environment has seen a remarkable progress over the years. This title includes a range of diverse and innovative applications, as well as comparisons in the field among competing approaches and review papers.

This volume contains two-page abstracts of the 482 papers presented at the latest conference on the subject, in Alexandroupolis, Greece. The papers of the tracks have been contributed from open call, while the papers of the symposia/sessions have been solicited by the respective organizers.

Dawn is the first mission to orbit a main belt asteroid and the first scientific mission to use ion propulsion. This book describes the Dawn mission, its exploration and scientific objectives, the instruments that accomplish those objectives, the operations plan and the education and outreach plan.

The third part deals with Hidden Markov Models, Regime Switching and Mathematical Finance and the fourth part is on Nonlinear State-Space Models for High Frequency Financial Data.

In fact, if we did not know that major starbursts existed, these conference proceedings testify that we would indeed have difficulties explaining the key properties of the Universe! These conference proceedings cover starbursts from the small-scale star-forming regions in nearby galaxies to galaxy-wide events at high redshifts;

This first volume of the Trilogy of Traditional Foods, part of the ISEKI Food Series, covers general and consumer aspects of traditional foods.