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This book introduces probabilistic modelling and explores its role in solving a broad spectrum of engineering problems that arise in Information Technology (IT). Divided into three parts, it begins by laying the foundation of basic probability concepts such as sample space, events, conditional probability, independence, total probability law and random variables. The second part delves into more advanced topics including random processes and key principles like Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation, the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. The last part applies these principles to various IT domains like communication, social networks, speech recognition, and machine learning, emphasizing the practical aspect of probability through real-world examples, case studies, and Python coding exercises.A notable feature of this book is its narrative style, seamlessly weaving together probability theories with both classical and contemporary IT applications. Each concept is reinforced with tightly-coupled exercise sets, and the associated fundamentals are explored mostly from first principles. Furthermore, it includes programming implementations of illustrative examples and algorithms, complemented by a brief Python tutorial.Departing from traditional organization, the book adopts a lecture-notes format, presenting interconnected themes and storylines. Primarily tailored for sophomore-level undergraduates, it also suits junior and senior-level courses. While readers benefit from mathematical maturity and programming exposure, supplementary materials and exercise problems aid understanding. Part III serves to inspire and provide insights for students and professionals alike, underscoring the pragmatic relevance of probabilistic concepts in IT.

This comprehensive introductory textbook is designed for undergraduate mathematics students who are interested in gaining an in-depth understanding of fuzzy mathematics and its applications. The book covers a wide range of topics, including fuzzy linear equations, fuzzy graphs, fuzzy measures, fuzzy logic, fuzzy topological spaces, fuzzy subgroups, as well as applications of fuzzy mathematics in various other fields. While readers are assumed to be familiar with the concept of fuzzy sets, the book maintains a clear and straightforward approach that makes it easy to follow for students at any level of proficiency. The advanced content is presented in an insightful and accessible manner, empowering students to apply the concepts they learn to real-world problems and applications. Enriched with over 105 solved examples, 133 challenging problems, 185 multiple-choice questions, and 150 true/false statements, this book is an ideal tool for beginners seeking to gain a solid foundation in fuzzy mathematics and its applications. Whether you are studying independently or as part of a classroom setting, this book provides a valuable resource that will help you achieve your goals.

This book explores the interplay of Western European exploration and trade, with collecting, cabinets of curiosities and museums, and with the role of booty and plunder in the building of empires from ca.1600 until the end of the 19th century. The book focuses principally on the Dutch, English, Spanish, French and Italian at different times of their colonial power over the course of these 300 years. The achievements of exploration and trade provide the basis for these countries and both the state and individuals to build collections and museums. This involved governments to legitimize the pursuit of booty and subsequently looting whether by themselves, members of the ruling class or privateers. Throughout much of this period, there those who stood up and challenged such practices, passing laws to criminalize, curtail or contain these activities. By the late 18th century, these parallel but disparate activities converged. It was era of Napoleon and his imperial ambitions that drew these disparate activities together, with his support of intellectual inquiry alongside military plunder and collecting. This served as a symbol of imperial power of the French empire that, alongside England and Italy, exploited the wealth and riches of Egypt, India, and China. Charles Merewether, born in Edinburgh, received his BA (literature) and PhD in art history at the University of Sydney. He taught European modernism at the Universities of Sydney (1981-84), Universidad Iberoeramericana, Mexico City (1986-88), and Universidad Autonoma in Barcelona. He received a research fellowship from Yale University (1991), was Inaugural Curator for the Museo de Arte Contemporaneo de Monterrey, Mexico, (1991-1994), Curator at the Research Institute, Getty Center, Los Angeles (1994-2003) and taught at the University of Southern California. He was Artistic Director of the Sydney Biennale (2004-2006), Deputy Director of the Cultural District, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi (2007), Director of the Institute of Contemporary Arts, Singapore, (2010-2013), Visiting Professor at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (2014) and Baptist University, Hong Kong (2015). He was Curator of Contemporary Art, National Art Museum in Tbilisi, Georgia (2016-2019). His books include: In the Sphere of the Soviets (2021), State of Play: Art in Georgia 1985-2000  (2017), After Memory: The Art of Milenko Prvacki (2013) and Under Construction: Ai Weiwei (2008), He was co-editor of After the Event (2010), editor of both Art, Anti-Art, Non-Art: Experimentations in the Public Sphere in Postwar Japan 1950-1970, (2007) and The Archive (2006).