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This book discusses topics related to Newtonian mechanics and is ideal for a one semester course. Introductory topics are first presented including: time, space, and matter; different coordinate systems; vectors; and unit vectors;. The author presents tools such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration to describe projectile motion and uniform circular motion. Newton's laws of motion and concepts of force and mass are discussed followed by kinetic energy, potential energy, and both conservative and non-conservative forces. This class-tested book also introduces angular displacement, angular speed, and angular acceleration as well as the use of these to describe the motion of particles with constant angular acceleration. Concepts of torque, angular momentum, and rotational inertia are presented to explain the motion of physical pendulum. Motion under central force is also covered and Kepler's laws are derived.

The aims of this book are: systematization and theorization of these projects; clarify and deepen the social and territorial effects of these initiatives; in-depth study of the causes that lead to the generation of successful projects in rural development; and abound in the reasons that lead specific projects to be failed in the access to LEADER support and be finally not implemented. This process of systematization and theorization would contribute to improving the decision-making in rural development, concretely the practice of these policies and initiatives.The book shows the problems, results and best practices that cause the rural development in different areas along with Europe. The multidisciplinary and international character of the authors in the analysis of rural development will enrich the publication and facilitate the different and critical reflections on the contributions, errors and meaning of these rural development practices.

This book provides an in-depth exploration of the latest developments in physics education. It presents a comprehensive look into cutting-edge research and ideas used to improve physics education around the world. Topics covered include (but are not limited to) the use of problem-based learning, the design and evaluation of teaching materials, and the use of digital technologies. This book is essential for anyone looking to stay up-to-date on the latest educational innovations and to develop an understanding of effective teaching approaches. It is aimed at researchers, teachers, students, policymakers, and educational leaders in the field of physics education.

This book focuses on cultural variations and perspectives in infant and early childhood mental health and describes parenting / caregiver-young child relationships across the globe, including countries in Europe, Asia, South America, South Africa, the Middle East, and the United States. It examines infant and early childhood assessment issues, such as infant-parent/caregiver observations that comprise an important component of assessment during the earliest years. In addition, the book presents different clinical interpretations, practices, and treatment approaches in infant mental health (e.g., evidence-based treatments and promising practices). It explores ways to help support and provide clinical interventions and treatment for infants, toddlers, and their families within the home, clinic, and community-based environments.Key areas of coverage include: Systemic assessment of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).Infant and early childhood mental health assessment in indigenous contexts.Psychodynamic approaches in infant mental health.Evidence-based therapeutic interventions for very young children.Community-based interventions in infant mental health. The WAIMH Handbook of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health, Volume Two, is a must-have reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and all related therapists and professionals in infancy and early child development, developmental psychology, pediatrics, child and adolescent psychiatry, clinical social work, public health and all related disciplines.

This book examines basic knowledge in the field of infant and early childhood mental health. It focuses on cognitive, social, and emotional development of infants and toddlers and examines different aspects of neurobiological development, including genes and epigenetics as well as biobehavioral synchrony. In addition, the book addresses parenting and caregiving issues, including attachment, parent-infant relationships, and high-risk factors (e.g., the effects of trauma on the infant-caregiver relationship, adolescent parenting, and parents with substance abuse disorders).Key areas of coverage include: Social-emotional and cognitive development during infancy and early childhood.Temperament in infants and toddlers.Neurobiological influences from infancy through early childhood.Parenting and caregiving of infants and toddlers.Reflective functioning, mentalization, and infant development.The WAIMH Handbook of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health, Volume One, is a must-have reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and all related therapists and professionals in infancy and early child development, developmental psychology, pediatrics, child and adolescent psychiatry, clinical social work, public health and all related disciplines.

This book is to provide a comprehensive reference for professionals in the field of data science and applications: artificial intelligence, big data, IoT, and blockchain. In summary, this book is expected to function as a helpful resource and manual, enabling readers to navigate the intricate domain of artificial intelligence, the Internet of things (IoT), and blockchain in smart environments. This book covers many topics related to integrating AI, IoT, blockchain, and smart environments. It begins by laying a solid foundation, introducing each technology's fundamental concepts and principles. Subsequent chapters explore applications and real-world use cases, demonstrating how AI, IoT, and blockchain can effectively address critical challenges within data science and applications.

This book discusses a compelling array of topics at the intersection of entrepreneurship, education, and technological innovation within the creative industries. It delves into a captivating exploration of sustainable entrepreneurship in Part 1, where key characteristics of sustainable entrepreneurs and factors influencing entrepreneurial intention are dissected. By unearthing the nexus between entrepreneurial alertness, networking capability, and venture performance, it provides intriguing insights into sustaining traditional crafts and brands amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The following parts not only unveil current innovative pedagogical strategies in creative design education but propels you into the future, exploring the harmonious fusion of academia and industry in sustainability-driven programs. Designed for educators, students, researchers, and practitioners in entrepreneurship, design, and technology fields, this book offers a transformative journey into sustainable practices, innovative pedagogies, and cutting-edge advancements. Engaging, informative, and thought-provoking, it is a must-read for those seeking to shape the future of creative industries through entrepreneurship, education, and innovation.

In the past fifteen years, the theory of right-angled Artin groups and special cube complexes has emerged as a central topic in geometric group theory. This monograph provides an account of this theory, along with other modern techniques in geometric group theory. Structured around the theme of group actions on contractible polyhedra, this book explores two prominent methods for constructing such actions: utilizing the group of deck transformations of the universal cover of a nonpositively curved polyhedron and leveraging the theory of simple complexes of groups. The book presents various approaches to obtaining cubical examples through CAT(0) cube complexes, including the polyhedral product construction, hyperbolization procedures, and the Sageev construction. Moreover, it offers a unified presentation of important non-cubical examples, such as Coxeter groups, Artin groups, and groups that act on buildings. Designed as a resource for graduate students and researchers specializing in geometric group theory, this book should also be of high interest to mathematicians in related areas, such as 3-manifolds.

The book is interwoven according to the intrinsic logics of modern most important applications of electrospun nanofibers. It discusses such application-oriented nanofibers as self-healing vascular nanotextured materials, biopolymer nanofibers, soft robots and actuators based on nanofibers, biopolymer nanofiber-based triboelectric nanogenerators, metallized nanofibers, and heaters and sensors based on them. It also includes such topics as the injectable nanofibrous biomaterials, fibrous hemostatic agents and their interaction with blood, as well as electrospun nanofibers for face-mask applications. The book also details polyelectrolytes-based complex nanofibers and their use as actuators. It also covers drug release facilitated by polyelectrolytes-based complex nanofibers. The fundamental aspects of electrospinning of polymer nanofibers discussed in the final part of the book link them to the applications described in the preceding chapters. Such topics as polymer solution preparation and their rheological properties, e.g., viscoelasticity and the related spinnability, the electrical conductivity of polymer solutions, and the cascade of the physical phenomena resulting in formation of nanofibers encompass the experimental aspects. Also, the general quasi-1D equations used for modeling of formation of electrospun polymer nanofibers, and the numerical aspects of their solution are discussed in detail, including such modeling-driven applications as nanofiber alignment by electric focusing fields.

This book examines the electro- and magneto-mechanics of soft composite materials and structures, and focuses on magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) and dielectric elastomer composites (DECs), which are composite materials that comprise ferromagnetic and high-dielectric/conducting filler nano- and micro-particles embedded in a soft polymeric matrix. This gives rise to a coupled magneto- and electro-mechanical response at the macroscopic (order of millimeters and larger) scale when they are subjected to magneto- electro-mechanical external stimuli. While such MRE and DEC materials and devices can become unstable at some critical electro-magneto-mechanical loading, their response may be well controlled in the post-instability regime. Moreover, recent advances on the complete electro-magneto-mechanical coupling are presented. All those aforementioned features motivate the operation of these devices in this unstable region to obtain controlled pattern formation, soft robotic motion andartificial muscles, controllable band-gap acoustic and electromagnetic properties, energy harvesting as well as actively controlled stiffness (for cell-growth). The book contains four individual chapters covering work on the fundamentals (O. Lopez-Pamies) and the modeling (M. Gei) of electroactive solids, the modeling of magnetoactive solids (K. Danas), and the analysis of elastic instabilities (Y. Fu).

This book discusses current trends, challenges, and opportunities in the fields of business, hospitality, and tourism, particularly in Eastern Europe. Featuring selected papers presented at the second annual Modern Trends in Business Hospitality and Tourism International Conference held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania in 2023, the enclosed chapters explore the global marketing environment discussing the latest technological, economic and social-cultural developments. Featuring theoretical and empirical research and real-life case studies, this book explores topics such as global capital markets and investment financing post COVID-19, sustainable business models, financing alternatives for SMEs, corporate governance, human capital leadership, among others. It is appropriate for academics, researchers, scholars and practitioners in the areas of business, hospitality and tourism.

This 4-volume set, IFIP AICT 689-692, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International IFIP WG 5.7 Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems, APMS 2023, held in Trondheim, Norway, during September 17-21, 2023. The 213 full papers presented in these volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 224 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Lean Management in the Industry 4.0 Era; Crossroads and Paradoxes in the Digital Lean Manufacturing World; Digital Transformation Approaches in Production Management; Managing Digitalization of Production Systems; Workforce Evolutionary Pathways in Smart Manufacturing Systems; Next Generation Human-Centered Manufacturing and Logistics Systems for the Operator 5.0; and SME 5.0: Exploring Pathways to the Next Level of Intelligent, Sustainable, and Human-Centered SMEs. Part II: Digitally Enabled and Sustainable Service and Operations Management in PSS Lifecycle; Exploring Digital Servitization in Manufacturing; Everything-as-a-Service (XaaS) Business Models in the Manufacturing Industry; Digital Twin Concepts in Production and Services; Experiential Learning in Engineering Education; Lean in Healthcare; Additive Manufacturing in Operations and Supply Chain Management; and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing. Part III: Towards Next-Generation Production and SCM in Yard and Construction Industries; Transforming Engineer-to-Order Projects, Supply Chains and Ecosystems; Modelling Supply Chain and Production Systems; Advances in Dynamic Scheduling Technologies for Smart Manufacturing; and Smart Production Planning and Control. Part IV: Circular Manufacturing and Industrial Eco-Efficiency; Smart Manufacturing to Support Circular Economy; Product Information Management and Extended Producer Responsibility; Product and Asset Life Cycle Management for Sustainable and Resilient Manufacturing Systems; Sustainable Mass Customization in the Era of Industry 5.0; Food and Bio-Manufacturing; Battery Production Development and Management; Operations and SCM in Energy-Intensive Production for a Sustainable Future; and Resilience Management in Supply Chains.

This 4-volume set, IFIP AICT 689-692, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International IFIP WG 5.7 Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems, APMS 2023, held in Trondheim, Norway, during September 17-21, 2023. The 213 full papers presented in these volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 224 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Lean Management in the Industry 4.0 Era; Crossroads and Paradoxes in the Digital Lean Manufacturing World; Digital Transformation Approaches in Production Management; Managing Digitalization of Production Systems; Workforce Evolutionary Pathways in Smart Manufacturing Systems; Next Generation Human-Centered Manufacturing and Logistics Systems for the Operator 5.0; and SME 5.0: Exploring Pathways to the Next Level of Intelligent, Sustainable, and Human-Centered SMEs. Part II: Digitally Enabled and Sustainable Service and Operations Management in PSS Lifecycle; Exploring Digital Servitization in Manufacturing; Everything-as-a-Service (XaaS) Business Models in the Manufacturing Industry; Digital Twin Concepts in Production and Services; Experiential Learning in Engineering Education; Lean in Healthcare; Additive Manufacturing in Operations and Supply Chain Management; and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing. Part III: Towards Next-Generation Production and SCM in Yard and Construction Industries; Transforming Engineer-to-Order Projects, Supply Chains and Ecosystems; Modelling Supply Chain and Production Systems; Advances in Dynamic Scheduling Technologies for Smart Manufacturing; and Smart Production Planning and Control. Part IV: Circular Manufacturing and Industrial Eco-Efficiency; Smart Manufacturing to Support Circular Economy; Product Information Management and Extended Producer Responsibility; Product and Asset Life Cycle Management for Sustainable and Resilient Manufacturing Systems; Sustainable Mass Customization in the Era of Industry 5.0; Food and Bio-Manufacturing; Battery Production Development and Management; Operations and SCM in Energy-Intensive Production for a Sustainable Future; and Resilience Management in Supply Chains.

The General Pathology Student Guide was developed 'by medical students for medical students' for use in preparing for their pathology course, shelf exams and medical licensing exams. In cooperation with American Educators from Brown University, this book was adapted to the American Curriculum for the USMLEs. The book combines high resolution histological images with condensed related clinical information, and is linked to the AMBOSS learning platform (subscription required), giving access to regularly updated online content, helping students reinforce and deepen their knowledge. The book chapters cover the most relevant basics of pathology, such as infectious diseases, immunopathology, cellular adaptation, and pathologic regeneration. Each chapter includes selected histology slides that show classic findings; these are presented uniformly across chapters to emphasize a stepwise approach to tissue findings and classic disease presentations.The histopathology is displayed in different magnifications and with descriptions, to help students recognize classic patterns of common disease processes. Key histopathologic findings are further integrated with pathophysiology and high-yield clinical knowledge, including imaging, treatment, and clinical outcomes, closing the loop from structure to function to patient impact. This system-based approach highlights pathology's interdisciplinary connections and the impact of the histopathologic diagnosis on patients.This concise volume is ideal for learning and understanding high-yield general pathology concepts in a short period of time. It can be also used as a guide for microscopy in histology slides. This makes learning effective!

This textbook presents real-world cases and discussions that introduce the various psychiatric syndromes found in the aging population before delving into the core concepts covered by geriatric psychiatry curricula. The text follows each case study with the vital information necessary for physicians in training, including key features of each disorder and its presentation, practical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment, clinical pearls, and other devices that are essential to trainees in geriatric psychiatry. With the latest DSM-5-TR guidelines and with rich learning tools that include key points, review questions, tables, and illustrations, this text is the only resource that is specifically designed to train both US and Canadian candidates for specialty and subspecialty certification or recertification in geriatric psychiatry. It will also appeal to audiences worldwide as a state-of-the-art resource for practice guidance. The text meets the needs of the future head on with its straightforward coverage of the most frequently encountered challenges, including neuropsychiatric syndromes, psychopharmacology, elder care and the law, substance use disorders, psychiatric comorbidities in systemic medical illness, consultation-liaison psychiatry, palliative care, climate change and health, and equity/diversity/inclusion matters in the care of older adults. Written by experts in the field, Geriatric Psychiatry: A Case-Based Textbook, 2nd edition will be the ultimate resource for graduate and undergraduate medical students and certificate candidates providing mental health care for aging adults, including psychiatrists, psychologists, geriatricians, primary care and family practice doctors, neurologists, social workers, nurses, and others.

This book summarises the recent, and future, sustainable, low-cost, environment-friendly and efficient systems for clean water production, to solve clean water crisis. We cover production of water the dew and rain or via desalination, Fenton processes or electrocoagulation; nanomaterial-based water purification methods including adsorption, catalysis, smart-sensors for pollutants detection and removal. We also cover environmental management, environmental policy aspects, and review recent patents and industrial processes to produce clean water. Written by experts in the domain of wastewater treatment, production of clean water and environmental management, this new book will be a unique tool for experts and students. We anticipate it open new horizons in clean water production and will be a source of inspiration for next generations of clean water technologies researchers

This book is a rigorous but practical presentation of the Bayesian techniques of uncertainty quantification, with applications in R. This volume includes mathematical arguments at the level necessary to make the presentation rigorous and the assumptions clearly established, while maintaining a focus on practical applications of Bayesian uncertainty quantification methods. Practical aspects of applied probability are also discussed, making the content accessible to students. The introduction of R allows the reader to solve more complex problems involving a more significant number of variables. Users will be able to use examples laid out in the text to solve medium-sized problems.The list of topics covered in this volume includes basic Bayesian probabilities, entropy, Bayesian estimation and decision, sequential Bayesian estimation, and numerical methods. Blending theoretical rigor and practical applications, this volume will be of interest to professionals, researchers, graduate and undergraduate students interested in the use of Bayesian uncertainty quantification techniques within the framework of operations research and mathematical programming, for applications in management and planning.

This book provides a unique perspective on the history of European algebra up to the advent of Viète and Descartes. The standard version of this history is written on the basis of a narrow and misleading source basis: the Latin translations of al-Khwārizmī, Fibonacci's Liber abbaci, Luca Pacioli's Summa, Cardano's Ars magna--with neither Fibonacci nor Pacioli being read in detail. The existence of the Italian abacus and German cossic algebra is at most taken note of but they are not read, leading to the idea that Viète's and Descartes' use of genuine symbolism (not only abbreviations), many unknowns, and abstract coefficients seem to be miraculous leaps. This book traces the meandering development of all these techniques along with the mostly ignored but very important parenthesis function, by means of detailed readings of all pertinent sources, including the abacus and cossic algebra and French algebra from Chuquet to Gosselin. It argues for a necessary distinction between abbreviating glyphs and genuine symbols serving within a symbolic syntax, which allows it to trace the emergence of symbolic calculation. Characterization of the mathematical practice of the environment within which Viète and Descartes moved allows for an explanation of how these two figures did not even need to invent abstract coefficients but rather received them as a gift.

This book offers a detailed guide to MR-Linac, a unique and fast growing radiation treatment modality. MR-linac is new technology that is a fusion of an MRI and a linear accelerator on the same gantry. It can change both target volume delineation and tumor visualization in real time using MR-cine images and treatment. Tumor location changes moment to moment as radiation is delivered, but this cannot be visualized in current radiation therapy practices. This new and rapidly growing technology can provide adaptive therapy that was not possible before. This book presents current knowledge on MR-linac technology, clinical practices, and ultimately patient outcome where dose escalation is not possible due to limiting normal tissue structures in the vicinity of tumor. There are two commercial MR-linac machines under consideration and both will be covered in detail. The book is divided into four sections. The first gives a general introduction to MR-Linac, covering the role of MRI inradiation oncology, the clinical necessity of this technology, and patient selection. The next section details the physics and technology of MR-Linac, covering image sequence, motion management, and treatment planning. Section three offers the clinical applications of MR-Linac and is divided by body area, including lung, prostate, and breast. Finally, the fourth section looks to the future and what this technology can mean for radiation oncology. This is an ideal guide for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and relevant trainees.

This book is part of the English for Academic Research series. It shows university students and researchers how to optimize their use of chatbots and machine translation in order to correct the English usage of a research paper, and write emails, letters, and presentation scripts and slides in English. English-speaking language editors, translators, and EAP teachers will also find this book useful. The main focus is on ChatGPT and Google Translate. However the techniques proposed will also work with equivalent tools. You will learn the areas where ChatGPT works well: correcting, improving, paraphrasing, reducing, and summarizing texts; generating / suggesting texts; answering queries; and simulating academic scenarios. A key strategy for enhancing the output of machine translation is to pre-edit and post-edit your texts - this book tells you how. You will also learn what ChatGPT is currently NOT able to do, e.g. differentiating between 'essential' and 'non-essential'; listing all the changes it has made; highlighting your key findings; and advising you when you have written too much, plagiarized, used biased language, or forgotten to mention the limitations of your work. The book lists over 170 prompts that you can use with a chatbot. The author recommends using ChatGPT as an assistant, but not for generating an entire paper. Adrian Wallwork edits scientific papers and teaches English for Academic Purposes (EAP) to PhD students. In addition to his many books for Springer, he has written course books for Oxford University Press and discussion books for Cambridge University Press. He is passionate about exploiting the advances in artificial intelligence to help researchers around the world write and publish their work.

The ever-increasing number of pollutants released into the environment drives the search for new treatment technologies or the modification of existing ones. In this sense, innovation in biofiltration systems seems promising, and therefore, a book on the current developments and innovations on its subject is very appropriate. Biofiltration is a relatively emerging new technology applied to the treatment of wastewater and other toxic substances. Over the past two decades, this technology has become an economically viable process for treating the wide variety of unruly pollutants released into the environment. For example, it is speculated that the US biofiltration market will reach more than $100 million by 2020. This book aims to show how innovation in biofiltration can provide effective solutions to overcome the serious problem of water pollution worldwide. The removal of contaminants will result from the combined effects of biological oxidation, adsorption, and filtration processes.Many physicochemical and operational factors influence the performance, treatment costs, and long-term stability of biofilters for wastewater treatment. This book focuses on identifying factors that affect biofiltration, explains their influence, and provides guidelines on how to control these factors to optimize better control over the control of pollutants present in wastewater treatment plants. The fundamental basis of treatment in biofilters is the action of microorganisms that degrade pollutants, and consequently, the book also discusses in depth the microbial ecology of biofiltration.

This volume examines some of the major challenges and opportunities for Europe in the light of the intensifying US-China global strategic rivalry. In doing so, the book investigates European roles and behavior in the contemporary US-China-Europe triangular relationship. While the book's focus is on Europe, the contributors originate from, or are based in, the US and China, thus presenting a unique outside-in perspective to the analysis of European conduct in the areas of security, geo-politics, geo-economics, global governance, development, and climate change. Each area is investigated by one American and one Chinese scholar, respectively, presenting the different views held on Europe's behavior and positioning in the US and China. In addition to providing critical assessments of Europe's roles and performance as seen through the prism of their respective country, contributors also pose concrete policy recommendations for Europe.The book will appeal to students, scholars, and researchers of political science and international relations, as well as policy-makers interested in a better understanding of Europe's role in the US-China rivalry and its relationship to the two countries.

This book presents peer-reviewed and selected papers from the 17th Conference on Acoustics and Vibration of Mechanical Structures (AVMS) held in Timisoara, Romania, on 26-27 May 2023. Internationally recognized experts share their knowledge and key findings in a broad range of topics related to acoustics and vibration of mechanical structures such as analytical, numerical and experimental techniques for noise and vibration problems, environmental and occupational noise and vibration, modelling, prediction and simulations of noise and vibration, noise and vibration control, noise and vibration attenuators. The book addresses application studies and fundamental studies as well, and it is meant for academics researchers and professionals, as well as Ph.D. students concerned with various fields of acoustics and vibration of mechanical structures.

This book is a comprehensive and timely publication that aims to be an essential reference source, building on contemporary research in the fields of circular economy and green transition in relation to entrepreneurship and technological change. This book aims to address a range of approaches including, but not limited to, the conceptual, theoretical, and case studies related to the topics of the book. The topical focus is on how circular economy contributions, energy infrastructure, green transition, and digital transformation are contributing to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The expert contributions in the book particularly help us learn more about the answers to the current challenges of the green transition as well as how the necessary technological change will impact, mainly, the enterprises and the field of agriculture production and agribusiness. The book is mainly intended to support an academic audience (academics, university teachers, researchers, and post-graduate students - both Master's and Doctorate levels). In addition, this book will be of benefit to institutional experts, developers, and researchers in the fields of Entrepreneurship and technological change in circular economy and green transition.

This book covers recent pre-clinical and clinical developments in gasotransmitters (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide) in all transplantable solid organs - kidney, heart, lung, liver, pancreas and intestine. Gasotransmitters are a class of small endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecules that play important roles in cellular homeostasis and impact physiological and pathophysiological situations. Recently, these gasotransmitters have emerged as potent cytoprotective mediators, possessing therapeutic properties that enable them exhibit their intracellular signaling functions. Hence, alterations in their physiological levels have been associated with various pathologies including cold ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in organ transplantation. In the context of organ transplantation, a novel therapeutic strategy that is being investigated involves administration of these gasotransmitters to the organ donor or recipient before or after transplantation, or supplementation of standard preservation solution with gasotransmitters during organ graft preservation to mitigate transplant-induced IRI. The book is divided into three parts for easier access: Hydrogen Sulfide in Organ Transplantation, Carbon Monoxide in Organ Transplantation, and Nitric Oxide in Organ Transplantation. The proposed book presents recent advances in organ graft protection mediated by gasotransmitters against warm and cold IRI in preclinical models of organ transplantation and some selected clinical cases, and seeks to lay the foundation for future clinical applications of these gases. The book is topical and timely, and will serve as a good resource for both educational and didactic purposes in transplant patient care and other aspects of clinical medicine.

Quality surgeons must have all the tips, tricks, and tools to provide their patients with the best care possible. Anterior and lateral approaches have revolutionized spine surgery, but even so, many surgeons have not learned the procedures and treatment involved, and the ones who have demonstrate a very difficult learning curve. This can be partially attributed to a lack of instructional literature, and this book aims to fill this gap so that incoming as well as veteran surgeons can add the anterior and lateral approaches to their arsenal. This text guides the surgeon through the full arc of treatment: from deciding which approach to use to treating the patient post-operatively. Specifically, the reader will gain comprehensive knowledge on how to perform each access procedure, how to care for and treat the patient at every stage, and the best ways to handle an array of complications they may face. Seven sections present everything the surgeon needs to know: history and rationale; preoperative and intraoperative care, surgical techniques, intraoperative complications, postoperative care, and a final section covering additional considerations for revision surgery, biological treatments, and approaches for both outpatient and obese patients.Written by experts in the field, Lumbar Spine Access Surgery will be a valuable reference for spine, orthopedic and vascular surgeons looking to expand their skill set.

This contributed volume addresses the global scale of urbanization and its impacts on biodiversity. By adding human capital, cities incubate new ideas and technologies, creating the conditions for socially and environmentally sensitive growth, but this is rarely seen. Urban ecology, an essential field that supports planning based on environmental perspectives, is a new science in tropical countries. This book discusses the inequity embedded in tropical cities, and explores how this inequity also materializes in biodiversity, with poor neighbourhoods of tropical cities lacking sufficient access to green space, and therefore less access to the benefits of nature, and poor support for biodiversity. With the current biodiversity crisis, the traditional approach to protecting pristine areas is insufficient. The chapters in this volume illustrate how tropical cities can act as spaces for biological conservation. Ecological literacy can help cities reconcile the needs of both people andof nature.This book compiles studies by experts from more than 100 institutions and 29 countries in the ecology and biodiversity of tropical cities at multiple scales, and applies their studies to urban planning and management. The audience for this book includes researchers, students and professionals working on environmental, social, economic, cultural, political, architectural and development projects in urban areas, offering a deep and timely discussion of their influence on the fauna and flora of cities.

Cascading failures as long chains of events and outages are threats to reliable operations of power grids and can lead to catastrophic blackouts with tremendous losses if not understood, prevented, or mitigated sufficiently. This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive presentation of emerging methods for risk assessment, modeling, and simulation of cascading failures in power grids. The methods are all supported by theories and experimental tests using realistic power grid models and data, and the contributors to this volume are leading scholars in the field. Specific topics covered include an introduction to cascading failures, probabilistic analytics of utility outage data and risks, quantitative influence and interaction models to understand and mitigate failure propagation, simulation of cascading failures using models of multiple time scales, and industrial criteria and practices against cascading failures. Cascading Failures in Power Grids: Risk Assessment, Modeling, and Simulation will provide comprehensive and in-depth coverage of state-of-the-art methods for all readers interested in cascading failures and will inspire researchers and engineers to develop emerging and practical tools in the future. ​

A typical approach to treat composite materials, which are composed of layered unidirectional lamina, is the so-called classical laminate theory (CLT). This theory is based on the theory for plane elasticity elements and classical (shear-rigid) plate elements under the assumption of orthotropic constitutive equations. The solution of the fundamental equations of the classical laminate theory is connected with extensive matrix operations and many problems require in addition iteration loops.This two-dimensional approach and the underlying advanced continuum mechanical modeling might be very challenging for some students, particularly at universities of applied sciences. Thus, a reduced approach, the so-called simplified classical laminate theory (SCLT), has been recently proposed. The idea was to use solely isotropic one-dimensional elements, i.e., a superposition of bar and beam elements, to introduce the major calculation steps of the classical laminate theory. Understandingthis simplified theory is much easier and the final step it to highlight the differences when moving to the general two-dimensional case.This monograph first provides a systematic and thorough introduction to the simplified laminate theory based on the theory for bars and classical beam plate elements. The focus is on stacking of isotropic layers to simplified laminates. In addition to the elastic behavior, failure is investigated based on the maximum stress, maximum strain, Tsai-Hill, and the Tsai-Wu criteria. We provide a Python-based computational tool, the so-called Composite Laminate Analysis Tool (CLAT 1D) to easily solve some standard questions from the context of fiber reinforced composites. The tool runs in any standard web browser and offers a user-friendly interface with many post-processing options. The functionality comprises stress and strain analysis of simplified lamina and laminates and the failure analysis based on different criteria.