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"The object of the following work is to show that the contrivances by which Orchids are fertilised, are as varied and almost as perfect as any of the most beautiful adaptations in the animal kingdom; and, secondly, to show that these contrivances have for their main object the fertilisation of each flower. In my volume 'On the Origin of Species' I have given only general reasons for my belief that it is apparently a universal law of nature that organic beings require an occasional cross with another individual; or, which is almost the same thing, that no hermaphrodite fertilises itself for a perpetuity of generations. Having been blamed for propounding this doctrine without giving ample facts, for which I had not, in that work, sufficient space, I wish to show that I have not spoken without having gone into details." - Charles Darwin Asa Gray is quoted as saying, "if the Orchid-book (with a few trifling omissions) had appeared before the 'Origin' the author would have been canonised rather than anathematised by the natural theologians."

This manual provides technical specifications and procedural guidance for control and geodetic surveying. It is intended for use by engineering, topographic, and construction surveyors performing control surveys for civil works, military construction, and environmental restoration projects. Procedural and quality control standards are defined to establish uniformity in control survey performance and contract administration. A geodetic control survey consists of establishing the horizontal and vertical positions of points for the control of a project or installation site, map, GIS, or study area. These surveys establish three dimensional point positions of fixed monuments, which then can provide the primary reference for subsequent engineering and construction projects. These control points also provide the basic framework from which detailed site plan topographic mapping, boundary demarcation, and construction alignment work can be performed. Precisely controlled monuments are also established to position marine construction vessels supporting the Corps navigation mission - e.g., the continuous positioning of dredges and survey boats. Geodetic control survey techniques are also used to effectively and efficiently monitor and evaluate external deformations in large structures, such as locks and dams. This manual covers the use of engineering surveying techniques for establishing and/or extending project construction control. Accuracy requirements, standards, measurement procedures, calibrations, horizontal and vertical datum transformations, data reduction and adjustment methods, and engineering surveying techniques are outlined. The primary focus of this manual is on conventional (i.e., non-GPS) horizontal and vertical survey techniques using traditional ground survey instruments--transits, theodolites, levels, electronic total stations, etc. Typically, conventional survey techniques include traverse, triangulation, trilateration, and differential leveling.

Of the three plays left by Tolstoy for publication after his death, one is a short two-act Temperance play called in English The Cause of it All (the Russian title is a colloquialism difficult to render, but "From it all evil flows" is as near as one can get to it). It does not claim to be a piece of much importance, but if ever it is staged, it should act easily and well. Another of these posthumous plays is The Man Who Was Dead (The Live Corpse), a powerful piece, in which Tolstoy introduces one of those gipsy choirs which had such an influence on him (and still more on his brother Sergius) when he was a young man of twenty to twenty-three, before he went to the Caucasus and entered the army. The last of Tolstoy's plays, The Light That Shines in Darkness, was left unfinished.

The Man Who Was Dead, The Cause of it All, and The Light That Shines in the Darkness are the three plays left by Tolstoy for publication after his death. The Light That Shines in the Darkness -- the last of Tolstoy's plays, was left unfinished. In Russia it is prohibited on account of its allusions to the refusal of military service. Yet it is in some ways the most interesting of Tolstoy's posthumous works. It is obviously not strictly autobiographical, for Tolstoy was not assassinated as the hero of the piece is, nor was his daughter engaged to be married to a young prince who refused military service. But like some of his other writings, the play is semi-autobiographical. In it, not only has Tolstoy utilised personal experiences, but more than that, he answers the question so often asked: Why, holding his views, did he not free himself from property before he grew old?

This book analyzes existing and developing methods of forecasting (heuristic, mathematical, and composite) and examines their use in solving various military problems. It demonstrates the errors inherent in all the methods and how they affect the results of decisions that can be made and the final results of operations. The fields of application of particular methods are discussed and concrete examples are given.The book is intended for a wide range of military readers and for workers in industry and related educational institutions.

CONTENTSChildhood, 1811-1824School Days in Hartford, 1824-1832Cincinnati, 1832-1836Early Married Life, 1836-1840Poverty and Sickness, 1840-1850Removal to Brunswick, 1850-1852Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1852First Trip to Europe, 1853Sunny Memories, 1853From over the Sea, 1853Home Again, 1853-1856Dred, 1856Old Scenes Revisited, 1856The Minister's Wooing, 1857-1859The Third Trip to Europe, 1859The Civil War, 1860-1865Florida, 1865-1869Oldtown Folks, 1869The Byron Controversy, 1869-1870George EliotClosing Scenes, 1870-1889

A. A. Vilgelminina's book is intended as a guide in studying the system of Russian verb forms for Aspect and Voice, which are among the most difficult grammatical categories. It is not meant for the general reader, but is primarily intended for teachers of Russian and students specialising in Russian or the Slavonic languages in general. The book may also prove useful to those who, knowing the fundamentals of Russian, wish to read Russian literature, since it deals with verb forms which are not explained in Russian-English dictionaries and present difficulties that can be overcome only if the Russian verb system is understood. The book is divided into two parts, Part I , Aspect, and Part II, Voice. Part I comprises five sections. The first section gives the definition of Aspect, its meaning and formal characteristics. The second section deals with the meanings of verb prefixes used to form the Perfective Aspect. The third section explains the formation of Aspects and Aspect stages, discussing mainly the means of Aspect formation (prefixes, suffixes, etc.). The fourth section, on the other hand, deals with the semantic side of Aspect formation: the correlation between the meanings of Aspect forms. The fifth section, which consists of only 4 tables, provides supplementary material on the interchange of sounds in Aspect formation. Part I is followed by Exercises with the Key to them. Nearly all the exercises are compiled from classic and modern Russian authors and they require of the student a fairly wide range of Russian vocabulary. People wishing to study the Russian verb system only for general linguistic purposes need not do the exercises. Part II consists of 17 tables. It first deals with transitive and intransitive verbs and then with the problem of Voice in general and, finally, with more specific categories: the Active Voice, the Passive Voice and the Middle Reflexive Voice and its subgroups. At the end of Part II Exercises with the Key to them are supplied. Students reading the book for general linguistics purposes need not do the exercises.

CONTENTSThe Fish-Seller and the "One-Eyed Yak"The Boastful TortoiseThe Chachatatutu and the PhoenixThe Hare and the MerchantMinding HouseWhy the Crow Was PunishedPlop!The Rabbit's RevengeThe Fox Who Pretended to Be KingThe Story of the Little CamelHow the Horse-Headed Fiddle Came to Be MadeThe Seven BrothersThe Old Woman and the TigerGrandmother WolfThe Enormous Candy-ManThe Tiger Finds a TeacherThe Fox, the Monkey, the Hare and the HorseThe Water-Buffalo and the TigerThe Stone-Mason Who Was Never SatisfiedWhy White Rabbits Have Long Ears and Pink EyesThree TreasuresThe Magic Carrying-Pole

CONTENTSNATO ExpansionPast as PrologueGermany: One People, One State, One ArmyRepublic of PolandHungaryCzechoslovakia: from Unity to Federation and DivorceThe Czech RepublicSlovakiaPrologue as Future: What Central Europe Needs to Do

Commander's Tactical Handbook contains reference material frequently used to organize, plan, and conduct Marine ground combat operations. Its intent is to assist small unit leaders functioning at the company level and below, but it also serves as a field reference guide for all Marine leaders. Leaders of combat support and combat service support organizations should familiarize themselves with the contents of this publication to understand the operational support requirements discussed.

This manual provides an overview of coastal geology and a discussion of data sources and field study methods applicable to coastal geological studies. This manual is intended for use by engineers, geologists, and oceanographers tasked with conducting coastal geological investigations.The purpose of this manual is to provide an overview of coastal geology and a discussion of data sources and study methods applicable to coastal geological field studies. "Coastal geology" is defined as the science of landforms, structures, rocks, and sediments with particular emphasis on the coastal zone. Material in this manual has been adapted from textbooks and technical literature from the fields of geology, geomorphology, geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, and geotechnical engineering. The practicing scientist involved in coastal projects is expected to be able to obtain a general overview of most aspects of coastal geology and to be able to refer to the reference list for additional information on specific topics.

This manual provides guidance for the design and placement of beach stabilization structures, specifically groins, nearshore breakwaters, and submerged sills. Design of beach stabilization structures is complex. It requires analyses of the wave, current, and longshore transport environments and the coastal processes at a project site. It requires knowledge of the functional performance of the various shore stabilization schemes, the application of engineering judgment and experience to the design, and the structural design of a system that will withstand the marine environment and function as intended. Beach stabilization structure designs are site specific, and no single scheme is best for all situations; consequently, each design must be tailored to its specific objectives and site. This manual provides guidelines and design concepts but does not, in most cases, provide detailed design procedures.

CONTENTSLife and Times of Thomas BecketThe Oxford Counter-ReformationOrigen and CelsusA Cagliostro of the Second CenturyCheneys and the House of RussellA Siding at a Railway Station

CONTENTSAnnals of an English AbbeyRevival of RomanismSea StudiesSociety in Italy in the Last Days of the Roman RepublicLucianDivus CaesarOn the Uses of a Landed GentryParty PoliticsLeaves from a South African Journal

The original edition of this glossary was developed for use by trainee cadastral surveyors during the cadastral survey professional series of training courses. This edition is intended for use by all BLM personnel and should be of particular value to newly hired cadastral and cartographic personnel. For the sake of clarity and exactness, many first edition definitions have been modified.The definitions are not meant to conflict with those in other glossaries, but since the glossary is for BLM cadastral personnel, some terms will have a meaning unique to BLM cadastral surveys.

CONTENTSSalamancaBurgosAvilaLeonToledoSegoviaSevilleGranadaBooks ConsultedIndex

The purpose of the present work is to study what is known of one of the most important genres of Greek sculpture - the monuments erected at Olympia and elsewhere in the Greek world in honor of victorious athletes at the Olympic games. Since only meager remnants of these monuments have survived, the work is in the main concerned with the attempt to reconstruct their various types and poses. Originally published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1921.

From the preface by Charles H. Kerr, the translator, when this book was first published in 1908: On the tenth of March, 1896, the same year that the last despairing revolt of the small producer against capitalism in America was to end in the overwhelming defeat of Bryan, an Italian scholar published in the city of Rome the remarkable work which is now for the first time offered to American readers. To publish this book in America at that time would have been an impossibility. The American socialist movement was then hardly more than an association of immigrants who had brought their socialism with them from Europe. Today it numbers at least half a million adherents, and its platform is an embodiment of the ideas first adequately stated in the Communist Manifesto of 1848, and now first adequately explained and elaborated in this remarkable work of Labriola. The central and fundamental proposition of socialism is not any scheme for reconstructing society, on a cut-and-dried programme, nor again is it any particular mathematical formula showing to what extent the laborer is robbed by the present system of the fruits of his labor; it is precisely this Historical Materialism, which Labriola has so admirably explained in the present work.

CONTENTSAeschylusThe Theology and Ethics of SophoclesThe Theory of Education in Plato's RepublicAristotle's Conception of the StateEpicurusThe Speeches of ThucydidesXenophonPolybiusGreek Oracles At the time of the publication Evelyn Abbott was Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford.

The purpose of this volume is essentially historical. It is not a piece of literary criticism; it is only incidentally a biography. It has been prepared with the single but lively hope of making a little clearer the development of modern culture. It views Petrarch not as a poet, nor even, primarily, as a many-sided man of genius, but as the mirror of his age - a mirror in which are reflected all the momentous contrasts between waning Medievalism and the dawning Renaissance. Petrarch knew almost everyone worth knowing in those days; consequently few historical sources can rival his letters in value and interest; their character and significance are discussed at length in the introduction to this book. At the time of original publication in 1898, James Harvey Robinson was Professor of History in Columbia University, and Henry Winchester Rolfe was Sometime Professor of Latin in Swarthmore College."The authors of this book have produced a very useful and readable monograph. ... The book is a work of sound scholarship, destined to be of practical service to the student, and it has the lighter qualities which will commend its learning to the general reader. - New York Tribune

If it be true of Moliére that he was not only the greatest of comic authors, but "comedy" itself, it may be said of Balzac that he was not only the greatest, the most fertile and diverse of our novelists, but the "novel" itself; and the object of the present volume is to show that in saying this I say nothing but the absolute and exact truth. For this reason the reader is requested not to seek in the following pages a biography of Honoré de Balzac, or what today goes by that name - information about his origin, anecdotes of his college days, the tittle-tattle of his love-affairs, and the tedious narrative of his quarrels with newspapers or publishers - but solely a study of his work: a study in which, of course, I do not refrain from speaking, when necessary, of the man and of the romance of his life, but wherein I wish especially to define, to explain, and to characterize his work - which in my opinion, would remain the same if Balzac, instead of being born in Tours, had been born, for instance, in Castelnaudary, and if, in place of studying law, he had studied medicine.

The German Prince recalls his childhood in Potsdam and Berlin, his marriage and family, the turmoil of World War I, and his exile in Holland. Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Augustus Ernst Hohenzollern of Prussia (1882-1951) was the son of William II. In World War I he commanded (1914) an army on the Western Front and was nominal commander in the German attack (1916) on Verdun. He fled to Holland in November, 1918, and renounced his rights to the throne, but he returned (1923) to Germany with the permission of the Weimar government. These memoirs were originally published in 1922.

To quote the lengthy title page when this book was originally published in 1897: "The 'Fram' Expedition, Nansen in the Frozen World, preceded by a biography of the great explorer and copious extracts from Nansen's First Crossing of Greenland; also an account by Elvind Astrup of life among people near the pole, and his journey across northern Greenland with Lieutenant Robert E. Peary, United States Navy, arranged and edited by S. L. Berens, Cand. Ph.D. Followed by a brief history of the principal earlier arctic explorations from the Ninth Century to the Peary Expedition, including those of Cabot, Frobisher, Bering, Sir John Franklin, Kane, Hayes, Hall, Nordenskjold, Nareds, Schwatka, DeLong, Greely, and others; by John E. Read, Assistant Editor of the Columbian Cyclopedia.

CONTENTSIntroductionPart One - Soil Formation. Composition and Properties of SoilWeatheringFactors and Conditions of Soil FormationComposition of SoilSoil Colloids and Absorbing Power of SoilSoil MorphologyChemical and Physical Properties of SoilWater Properties of SoilMovement of Water SoilWater Regime and Water Balance of SoilsThermal and Air Regimes of SoilClassification of Soils and Types of Soil FormationPart Two - Elements of Soil GeographySoils of the Earth and their UtilisationSoils of the Tundra and Forest ZonesSoils of Forest-Steppes and Chernozemic SteppesSoils of Dry Steppes, Semideserts and DesertsSoils of Humid Subtropics, Tropics and Mountain RegionsFlood Plain SoilsBog SoilsSalined SoilsPart Three - Improvement of SoilsImprovement and Taming of SoilsReclamation of Salined SoilsSoil Erosion and How to Fight It

While the Crusaders failed in their first and main purpose - the establishment of a Christian dynasty as the guardian of the Holy Sepulchre - they left behind them kingdoms in Rhodes and Malta, and various independent orders such as the Knights-Hospitallers.

This book brings together descriptions of many famous buildings written by authors who have appreciated the romantic spirit, as well as the architectural beauty and grandeur, of the work they describe. The 47 selections include writings by: John Ruskin, Victor Hugo, William Makepeace Thackeray, Theophile Gautier, Charles Dickens, John Addington Symonds, and many more.

Convoy Operations Handbook, addresses the fundamental principles required for the planning and execution of Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) convoy operations. This manual provides an overview for convoy planning, organizations, and movement fundamentals, procedures, and techniques.Convoy Operations Handbook provides a source of reference for commanders and their staffs on convoy operations and functions in support of the MAGTF. Specifically, it gives general planning requirements, support requirements and considerations, and procedures.

This handbook contains construction details representative of good practices for the design and installation of energy efficient basement, crawl space, and slab-on-grade foundations. This handbook is a product of the U.S. Department of Energy Building Envelope Systems and Materials (BTESM) Research Program centered at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The major objective of this research is to work with builders, contractors, and building owners to facilitate the reality of cost-effective energy efficient walls, roofs, and foundations on every building. This handbook is one of a dozen tools produced from the BTESM Program aimed at relevant design information in a usable form during the decision-making process. The construction details are accompanied by critical design information useful for specifying structural integrity; thermal and vapor controls; subsurface drainage; waterproofing; and mold, mildew, odor, decay, termite, and radon control strategies. Another useful feature is a checklist which summarizes the major design considerations for each foundation type "Y basement (Chapter 2), crawl space (Chapter 3), and slab (Chapter 4). These checklists have been found to be very useful during the design stage and could be very useful during construction inspection. Foundation insulation is gaining acceptance in the U.S. residential building industry. Moisture and indoor air quality problems caused by faulty foundation design and construction continue to grow in importance. The material contained in this handbook represents suggestions from a diverse group of knowledgeable foundation experts and will help guide the builder to foundation systems that are easily constructed and that have worked for others in the past, and will work for you in the future.

This manual provides current guidance and engineering procedures for the solution of tidal hydraulics problems. The subjects covered in this manual range from the fundamentals of estuarine engineering to specific problem solving techniques, including environmental considerations, to a summary of "lessons learned" from completed projects. The problem solving portion of the manual serves as a means of transferring the technical knowledge obtained from recent research efforts in tidal hydraulic engineering.