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This is a book of quotations and comments about air power, war, and military matters. But it would be a great mistake to simply read the quotes and take them literally. Each selection presents a picture that you can look at again and again. Taken together, different views of the same subject matter are like a drafter's plans; they can make either an interesting multiple-view description of the subject or a puzzle. Even a hundred books couldn't give a complete picture of air power and war. What this book attempts to do is present a mosaic - a big, grainy picture of military air power that gains value as you step back from it and achieve perspective. And like a mosaic, this picture fills in only as you fit each piece with the others. Readers who are just embarking on a serious study of the military profession will find food for thought here; the more advanced student should find a feast. You are invited to read, reflect, enjoy, and appreciate, so you may apply your understanding when called to do so. Col. Dennis M. Drew, United States Air Force Director, Airpower Research Institute

Philip H. Wicksteed (1844-1927), son of a Unitarian clergyman, was educated at University College in London and Manchester New College from 1861 to 1867, when he received his master's degree, with a gold medal in classics. Besides his outstanding contributions on economics-where the most important are: An Essay of the Co-ordination of the Laws of Distribution (1894), The Common Sense of Political Economy (1910), "Scope and Method of Political Economy" (EJ, 1914), and "Review of W.S. Jevons, Essays on Economics", (1905, EJ)-Wicksteed made important works on literature, theology, and philosophy. He is specially remembered by many as a leading Dante scholar. His deep interest in Dante scholarship, an interest which produced a remarkable list of publications, built Wicksteed's reputation as one of the foremost medievalists of his time. In Dante and Aquinas, Wicksteed discusses Dante's work in the light of the accepted philosophy and theology of his time as expressed in the Thomistic philosophy of Aquinas. The author makes analytical digressions into Greek philosophy, Christian neoplatonism and later transformations of the philosophy of Aristotle.

Suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) has long been a critical concern to advocates of air power. It is especially critical because air power offers a primary means of responding rapidly and effectively to areas of conflict. Setting the Context: Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses and Joint War Fighting in an Uncertain World explains why SEAD has changed the basic fabric of air warfare. It provides a unique and original view into the world of electronic combat and SEAD that will enrich as well as inform. Lt. Col. James R. Brungess wrote this book for the Airpower Research Institute and it was the winner of the Air Force Historical Foundation's 1992 Colonel James Cannell Memorial Award.

In this book the Army Corps of Engineers' support of the war in the European and North African theaters is recounted in detail. This narrative makes clear the indispensable role of the military engineer at the fighting front and his part in maintaining Allied armies in the field against European Axis powers. American engineers carried the fight to enemy shores by their mastery of amphibious warfare. In building and repairing road and rail nets for the fighting forces, they wrote their own record of achievement. In supporting combat and logistical forces in distant lands, these technicians of war transferred to active theaters many of the construction and administrative functions of the peacetime Corps, so heavily committed to public works at home. The authors of this volume have reduced a highly complex story to a comprehensive yet concise account of American military engineers in the two theaters of operations where the declared main enemy of war was brought to unconditional surrender.

This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.

Open and accountable government is one of the bedrock principles of our democracy. Yet virtually since inauguration day, questions have been raised about the Bush Administration's commitment to this principle. News articles and reports by independent groups over the last four years have identified a growing series of instances where the Administration has sought to operate without public or congressional scrutiny. At the request of Rep. Henry A. Waxman, this report is a comprehensive examination of secrecy in the Bush Administration. It analyzes how the Administration has implemented each of our nation's major open government laws. The report finds that there has been a consistent pattern in the Administration's actions: laws that are designed to promote public access to information have been undermined, while laws that authorize the government to withhold information or to operate in secret have repeatedly been expanded. The cumulative result is an unprecedented assault on the principle of open government. The Administration has supported amendments to open government laws to create new categories of protected information that can be withheld from the public. President Bush has issued an executive order sharply restricting the public release of the papers of past presidents. The Administration has expanded the authority to classify documents and dramatically increased the number of documents classified. It has used the USA Patriot Act and novel legal theories to justify secret investigations, detentions, and trials. And the Administration has engaged in litigation to contest Congress' right to information. The records at issue have covered a vast array of topics, ranging from simple census data and routine agency correspondence to presidential and vice presidential records. Among the documents that the Administration has refused to release to the public and members of Congress are (1) the contacts between energy companies and the Vice President's energy task force, (2) the communications between the Defense Department and the Vice President's office regarding contracts awarded to Halliburton, (3) documents describing the prison abuses at Abu Ghraib, (4) memoranda revealing what the White House knew about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, and (5) the cost estimates of the Medicare prescription drug legislation withheld from Congress. There are three main categories of federal open government laws: (1) laws that provide public access to federal records; (2) laws that allow the government to restrict public access to federal information; and (3) laws that provide for congressional access to federal records. In each area, the Bush Administration has acted to restrict the amount of government information that is available.

Lev Yakimenko is a popular Soviet literary critic, and the author of well-known books about Nobel Prize winner Mikhail Sholokhov. In the present book, Lev Yakimenko gives a profound and comprehensive analysis of all Sholokhov's work, from his early Tales from the Don to his last, as yet unfinished novel They Fought for Their Fatherland. He focuses his main attention on the author's two major novels And Quiet Flows the Don and Virgin Soil Upturned, which are very well known to readers abroad. The principal questions of the aesthetics of socialist realism, such as creative method, tradition and innovation, the theory of genres (short-story, novel, epic novel), the meaning of the writer's aesthetic and social ideal, are thoroughly examined. Lev Yakimenko also gives a detailed account of Sholokhov's career, dwelling on little-known pages from his life-story, and admirably achieves what he has set out to do---to show this great writer in all his uniqueness and originality.

The Technique of the Drama was written in 1863, and passed through six editions before its translation into English. It has attained the rank of a first-class authority.Gustav Freytag (1816 - 1895), scholar, poet, novelist, critic, playwright, editor, soldier, publicist, was born in Kreuzburg, Silesia.

CONTENTS:PreliminaryProduction and WagesProduction, Wages, ProfitsWages and CurrencySupply and DemandWages and PricesValue and LabourLabouring PowerProduction of Surplus ValueValue of LabourProfit Is Made by Selling a Commodity at its ValueThe Different Parts into Which Surplus Value Is DecomposedGeneral Relation of Profits, Wages and PricesMain Cases of Attempts at Raising Wages or Resisting Their FallThe Struggle Between Capital and Labour and its ResultsNotes

CONTENTSIntroductionKey, or TonalityThe General Laws of Part-WritingThe Diatonic Triads of the Major KeyThe Inversions of the Triads of a Major KeyThe Minor Key: Its Diatonic Triads and Their InversionsThe Chord of the Dominant SeventhKey Relationship -- Modulation to Nearly Related Keys -- False RelationUnessential Discords -- Auxiliary Notes, Passing Notes, and AnticipationsUnessential Discords -- SuspensionsThe Chord of the Dominant NinthThe Chord of the Dominant EleventhThe Chord of the Dominant ThirteenthChromatic Triads -- The Chromatic ScaleChromatic Cords of the SeventhChromatic Cords of the Ninth -- False Notation -- Enharmonic ModulationChromatic Cords of the Eleventh and ThirteenthThe Chord of the Augmented SixthPedalsHarmony in Fewer and More than Four PartsAppendix A. The Ecclesiastical ModesAppendix B. The Harmonic Series

For the wide variety of structural types subject to significant dynamic loads, increasingly rigorous performance requirements dictate a derivative requirement for improvements in the technologies for controlling dynamic response. Aerospace structures, subject to stringent static as well as dynamic response requirements and characterized by complex behaviors including closely spaced and often coupled modes, provide one example of a class of structures requiring improved control technologies. Similarly, for many types of civil structures --e.g., cable-stayed and suspension bridges-- also characterized by stringent performance requirements and complex structural behaviors. Control of dynamic response dictates improved design (and retrofit) approaches. Also for many mechanical systems, e.g., medical devices -- performance is constrained by limits on the control of dynamic response. In designing for dynamic loads, structural and mechanical engineers have several techniques at their disposal, including passive damping, isolation, active and semi-active control. The study presented here focuses on a novel passive damping technology based on exploiting the unique properties of shape-memory materials (SMM). SMMs are a family of materials displaying a characteristic thermoelastic phase transformation which itself is the basis of two important mechanical hystereses -- shape-memory effect (SEE) and superelastic effect (SEE). As supported by this study, SME and SEE each provides an energy dissipation mechanism with extraordinarily attractive properties for damping applications. As elaborated below, the properties of SMM damping devices include:hysteretic damping with a diversity of distinct force/deflection hysteretic behaviorshighly reliable energy dissipation based on a precisely repeatable solid state phase transformationvery high damping per unit mass and per unit volume of SMM materialrelative insensitivity to temperature variation over wide range of operating temperaturesessentially zero creep over range of operating temperatures encountered in most space and all civil structureswide range of design operating temperaturesexcellent fatigue and corrosion resistancepure hysteretic damping --i.e., energy dissipation is frequency independent

CONTENTSThe Fief of St. Aliquis; Its History and DenizensThe Castle of St. AliquisHow the Castle Wakes. Baronial HospitalityGames and Diversions. Falconry and Hunting. The Baroness's GardenThe Family of the Baron. Life of the WomenThe Matter of Clothes. A Feudal WeddingCookery and MealtimesThe Jongleurs and Secular Literature and PoetryThe Feudal Relationship. Doing HomageJustice and PunishmentsThe Education of a Feudal NoblemanFeudal Weapons and Horses. Dubbing a KnightThe TourneyA Baronial Feud. The Siege of a CastleA Great Feudal Battle-BouvinesThe Life of the PeasantsCharity. Care of the Sick. FuneralsPopular Religion. Pilgrimages. Superstitions. Relic WorshipThe Monastery of St. Aliquis: Buildings, Organization. An Ill-Ruled AbbeyThe Monastery of St. Aliquis: The Activities of Its Inmates. Monastic LearningThe "Good Town" of Pontdebois: Aspect and OrganizationIndustry and Trade in Pontdebois. The Great FairThe Lord Bishop. The Canons. The Parish ClergyThe Cathedral and Its Builders

The story of Lewis Carroll is here told for young people by the real Alice in Wonderland, Miss Isa Bowman, with a diary and numerous facsimile letters written to her and others. There are also many sketches and photos by Lewis Carroll, as well as other illustrations. The Rev. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson died when he was sixty-six years old, and when his famous book, Alice in Wonderland, had been published for thirty-three years. At Oxford he won great distinction as a scholar of mathematics, and wrote many abstruse and learned books, very different from Alice in Wonderland. There is a tale that when Queen Victoria had read Alice in Wonderland she was so pleased that she asked for more books by the same author. Lewis Carroll was written to, and back, with the name of Charles Dodgson on the title page, came a number of the very dryest books about algebra and Euclid that you can imagine.

CONTENTSPreface Synopsis of the OrdersAnalytical Key to the OrdersExplanation of Abbreviations of Authors' NamesExplanation of SignsFloraPhaenogamous or Flowering PlantsDicotyledonous or Exogenous PlantsAngiospermous, PolypetalousGamopetalousApetalousGymnospermous PlantsMonocotyledonous or Endogenous PlantsCryptogamous or Flowerless PlantsVascular Acrogens, or PteridophytesCellular Acrogens, or Bryophytes (Hepaticae)Additions and CorrectionsTable of OrdersGlossaryIndexPlates, with ExplanationsThis is a reprint of the Sixth Edition.

The makings of future news headlines about tomorrow's life saving therapies starts in the biomedical research laboratory. Ideas abound; early successes and later failures and knowledge gained from both; the rare lightning bolt of an unexpected breakthrough discovery --- this is a glimpse of the behind the scenes action of some of the world's most acclaimed stem cell scientists' quest to solve some of the human body's most challenging mysteries.Stem cells --- what lies ahead? The following chapters explore some of the cutting edge research featuring stem cells. Disease and disorders with no therapies or at best, partially effective ones, are the lure of the pursuit of stem cell research. Described here are examples of significant progress that is a prologue to an era of medical discovery of cell-based therapies that will one day restore function to those whose lives are now challenged every day --- but perhaps in the future, no longer.

In November 1998, President Clinton charged the National Bioethics Advisory Commission with the task of conducting a thorough review of the issues associated with human stem cell research, balancing all ethical and medical considerations. The President's request was made in response to three separate reports that brought to the fore the exciting scientific and clinical prospects of stem cell research while also raising a series of ethical controversies regarding federal sponsorship of scientific inquiry in this area. Scientific reports of the successful isolation and culture of these specialized cells have offered hope of new cures for debilitating and even fatal illness and at the same time have renewed an important national debate about the ethics of research involving human embryos and cadaveric fetal material. The stem cell is a unique and essential cell type found in animals. Many kinds of stem cells are found in the body, with some more differentiated, or committed, to a particular function than others. In other words, when stem cells divide, some of the progeny mature into cells of a specific type (e.g., heart, muscle, blood, or brain cells), while others remain stem cells, ready to repair some of the everyday wear and tear undergone by our bodies. These stem cells are capable of continually reproducing themselves and serve to renew tissue throughout an individual's life. For example, they constantly regenerate the lining of the gut, revitalize skin, and produce a whole range of blood cells. Although the term stem cell commonly is used to refer to the cells within the adult organism that renew tissue (e.g., hematopoietic stem cells, a type of cell found in the blood), the most fundamental and extraordinary of the stem cells are found in the early stage embryo. These embryonic stem (ES) cells, unlike the more differentiated adult stem cells or other cell types, retain the special ability to develop into nearly any cell type. Embryonic germ (EG) cells, which originate from the primordial reproductive cells of the developing fetus, have properties similar to ES cells. It is the potentially unique versatility of the ES and EG cells derived, respectively, from the early stage embryo and cadaveric fetal tissue that presents such unusual scientific and therapeutic promise. Indeed, scientists have long recognized the possibility of using such cells to generate more specialized cells or tissue, which could allow the generation of new cells to be used to treat injuries or diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, and kidney failure. Likewise, scientists regard these cells as an important--- perhaps essential---means for understanding the earliest stages of human development and as an important tool in the development of life-saving drugs and cell-replacement therapies to treat disorders caused by early cell death or impairment.

A fascinating compendium on 19th century publishing, bookselling, and authorship. Its author, J.C. Derby witnessed the golden years of American publishing. Fifty Years Among Authors, Books and Publishers includes separate chapters on every major publishing house in America (Ticknor & Fields, Lee & Shepard, Wiley & Putnam, Harper & Brothers, Little-Brown, Redfield, Appleton, Bancroft, Lippincott, Scribner, Lossing, Goodrich, Carleton), their leaders, and their authors -- including Dickens, Thackeray, Hawthorne, and Poe. The book also includes previously unpublished texts of some Poe and Hawthorne letters and separate chapters on Southern writers and early American humorists. There are first-hand accounts of Thomas B. Aldrich, Appleton & Co., William Cullen. Bryant, Alice & Phoebe Cary, John E. Cooke, Jefferson Davis, Horace Greeley, Harper & Brothers, Joel C. Harris, J. B. Lippincott, Williamm Seward, Alexander H. Stephens, and Harriet Beecher Stowe, among others.

Union forces in the Civil War needed far more Engineers than the Regular Army could furnish. Volunteer Engineers, who entered the Army for wartime service only, supported operations just as did the regulars. Their contributions ranged from constructing pontoon bridges under fire to building field fortifications for siege operations.Thomas Owen's letters and diary reveal the life and duties of a volunteer Engineer who served as a sergeant and company-grade officer. These writings convey his reactions to the extreme conditions of wartime, from the rigors of combat to the boredom of camp life. For their insights into the thoughts and feelings of an Engineer at war and descriptions of Civil War combat engineering, they should still interest those of us who serve as Army Engineers. Paul Taylor Colonel, Corps of Engineers Chief of Staff

This work began with a paper written in the spring of 1982 as a student at the College of Command and Staff at the Naval War College. My professional and personal interest in the Laws of War and Neutrality were nurtured throughout those studies and grew during master's and doctoral work at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Each international crisis since has confirmed my belief that a more thorough consideration of this body of law could better inform policy makers. The chronology that follows demonstrates that the United States found the requirements of strict neutrality less than useful for fulfilling its policy imperatives throughout the 20th century. The reasons for this are varied, but all involve departures from the strict impartiality required of neutrals. The common thread running through them is that global interests make impartiality difficult to maintain and often counterproductive. It also becomes clear that this will continue for the future. Although the incidents explored stretch back over 100 years, history is not its focus. Incidents are cited only to show their relationship to the pattern of U.S. behavior, historical details are not elaborated. Further, incidents are looked at in the context of what was known at the time, without the benefit of hindsight. The loss of the battleship MAINE, for example, is now believed to have resulted from an accident; at the time it was believed to have been an attack. The detailed behavior of other nations was also not examined except in response to that of the United States, because while tiffs work is about international law, it is for the U.S. naval force and unit commanders who must understand that law. My personal knowledge of and involvement in highly sensitive U.S. policy implementation in Central America and Panama in the mid-1980s requires that those examples not be treated. This exclusion does not detract from the product and removes even the question of whether classified material was used in any way in the preparation of this work. Our grandfathers had to make decisions with much less information and, like today, the initial reports were sometimes flawed. In some ways, therefore, the imperfections obvious in the contemporary accounts recorded in newspapers provide a better context than the more thorough and better informed historical accounts. In other places, historians' work is used extensively to document the details of incidents. This is especially true for the period immediately preceding World War II because so many significant examples occurred then. With a focus on identifying a pattern of departures from the strict impartiality of neutrality, the account that follows resists, as much as possible, the temptation to explore other fascinating aspects of the incidents dealt with.CONTENTS: AcknowledgmentsPrefaceIntroduction Assumptions and Considerations The Law of Neutrality and Relative Combat Power Definitions and Clarifications Neutrality in the Modern World Neutrality and Civil WarThe Change The Beginning The Spanish-American War The Change Is Understood The Mexican Revolution Avoiding World War IThe Interwar Period The More Things Change The League of Nations The Havana Convention on Maritime Neutrality The Kellogg-Briand Pact An Isolationist United StatesThe Fruits of Isolationism Backing into War The Price of Violent PeaceEnter the United Nations Recreating the Wheel of Peace The Charter Exploitation and EscalationPostwar "Peace" Unequals in the Postwar World Still in Force The Suez Crisis Justice at the Expense of Peace? The Nixon Doctrine The 1971 Indo-Pakistani War The Bloody Lebanese "Peace" The War Powers Resolution Other CasesPerspective Historical Assessment The Future The Role of Naval Diplomacy Does the Law Foster Peace with Justice?Prescription Summary ConclusionAbout the Author

During the past 10 years, there has been a significant increase in 1) the number of economists interested in commercial fishing and 2) the number of fisheries scientists interested in economics. The economics profession has been stimulated by the development of bioeconomic models which seek to maximize some measure of fishery performance subject to an equation (or equations describing the dynamics of the fish stock (or stocks). At the same time, economists have expanded their ability to model and estimate production relationships; that is, the technological relationships between inputs and outputs. Fisheries scientists, particularly those concerned with the management of commercial stocks, are more aware of the importance of economics in both formulating management objectives and in predicting how fishermen might respond to specific management policies. These lectures are an attempt to review the relatively recent advances in dynamic modeling and production theory as they relate to the economic management of single and multiple-species fisheries. They will also assess the impediments to applying modern production theory when estimating bioeconomic parameters. In the first lecture Jon Conrad reviews the relationship between 1) the production function, 2) the growth function, and 3) the yield-effort function for the single species fishery and extends these concepts to the multispecies fishery using the multiple output production function. The promise and problems inherent with duality-based approaches to estimating bioeconomic parameters are briefly discussed. In the second lecture Dale Squires reviews the early literature on fisheries production and examines in greater detail the assumptions underlying duality-based estimation techniques as they relate to multispecies production. In the third lecture Jim Kirkley discusses his recent empirical work on the New England trawler fleet. While the landings of individual species are aggregated into a single output index, two measures of effort are employed, and factor shares from the econometric analysis are compared with the results obtained from a cost simulator. A common theme running through all three lectures is the need for better data, particularly input and cost data, if duality-based theory is to be successfully applied to multispecies fisheries. With a better understanding of models and methods, it is hoped that economists within the NMFS and academia might be more effective in working together to establish the database necessary for modern production analysis. Such analysis seems necessary, though not sufficient, for rational fisheries management. Dr. Richard Marasco Lecture Coordinator

Combat Stress provides the tactics, techniques, and procedures required for small-unit leaders to effectively prevent, identify, and manage combat stress when it occurs in their units/commands. This publication contains essential information about combat and combat-related stress. It describes, in layman's terms, techniques to prevent, identify, and treat harmful combat stress reactions at the lowest level or until professional medical assistance is available. It provides a basic understanding of the causes of stress and describes the preventive actions that can be taken to avoid or reduce its harmful effects. It describes how to identify and manage combat stress symptoms when they appear, and provides techniques to prepare units to handle combat stress reactions when they occur. All small unit leaders should read this publication.