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Leading historians and physicians take us from Babylonian medical records and their influence on the Talmud, through the Biblical and Talmudic periods to developments during Ottoman times and finally the British Mandate. Included in the comprehensive coverage of topics are a chapter on Military Medicine covering the Crusaders, Napoleon, Allenby and medical innovations from Israel's wars; while the traditional medicine of Arabs and Jews and the history of Islamic medicine is also presented. It considers medical care in contemporary Israel. The modern era chapters consider the delivery of health care and its parameters, emergency medicine and key ethical issues which have impacted on medicine. Two chapters describe the importance of rehabilitation medicine, for Israel's disabled, and the growing interest in complementary and alternative medicine. The book concludes with a chapter on medicine in Israel today highlighting the research and innovation for which Israel is known. This book will appeal to those interested in the history of medicine from ancient to modern times, and those who wish to see how important aspects of medicine are provided in today's Israel.

Essentials of the Land of Israel is a companion volume to its predecessor, Essentials of Jewish History: Jewish Leadership Across 4,000 Years, and likewise aims to serve as a comprehensive compendium for ready reference. As a geographical history of the Land of Israel, it foregrounds the most significant political and natural features of the landscape (borders; capitals; mountains; valleys; rivers; lakes; seas; deserts; forests) and the major biblical and historical events associated with them, and its unique value is in outlining and assembling all of these discrete categories in one convenient volume. Essentials of the Land of Israel is an exceptionally useful resource for scholars and laypersons alike. For knowledgeable readers, it offers the advantages of its systematic organization and inclusivity of content. For readers unfamiliar with the Land of Israel or Jewish history prior to encountering this book, it affords a newfound and solid grasp of both the lay of the land and the numerous momentous events that occurred therein.

Most historians, after a long and involved dispute, now accept that Hitler's threats to annihilate the Jewish population on the European continent were an important element in the Nazi regime's escalating wartime policy of expulsion and extermination. The general consensus, however, is that the 'Final Solution' was not ordered at a particular moment so much as gradually adopted. In a compact, readable, and cogently argued text, Hitler's Prophecy draws on the rapidly expanding provision of online archival materials to set out some significant new findings, proposing a fresh answer to the abiding question of exactly when and why the Holocaust was put into practical effect. It examines the circumstances in which the prophecy was initially formulated and subsequently, at critical points, menacingly repeated, and links the prophecy to the eventual evacuation of Jewry 'to the east' in an ultimately homicidal form, identifying the order--in fact orders--that were issued. Covering the period from January 1939 to the spring of 1942, it describes in detail the exact sequence of events, establishing Hitler's direct responsibility as well as depicting the role played by the main collaborato

The emancipation of Jews during the French Revolution and Napoleon's destruction of European ghettos led to concerns over the loyalty of Anglo-Jewry to the Crown. The elite of the Jewish community adopted the traditional approach of Jews in the diaspora stressing the community's loyalty and avoiding the public expression of any view which might be controversial. This outlook reflected both Jewish religious injunctions and a desire for self-preservation. In contrast, a small number of Jews broke with this approach and published remarkably contentious views on a range of political and religious subjects. Drawing on a rich range of sources, the book examines the extent of anti-Jewish sentiment in England. It breaks new ground by using government archives to demonstrate that these negative representations only had a very limited impact on the implementation of the Alien Act of 1793. This book understands the fears of the communal elite but also argues that the controversial views of some Jewish dissidents were more widely held than previously considered. As a study of a minority under pressure, the position of Anglo-Jewry in the period has wider relevance in today's multicultural world.

The twenty years between the World Wars saw remarkable changes in the Middle East. In Palestine, Britain struggled to maintain its Mandatory Authority as Arabs and Jews fought not only each other but the British Government too. Failing to satisfy either side Britain was stuck in the middle, and separating the warring parties was a distraction they hardly needed. Here Turnberg explores why the British Government maintained its responsibilities under the Mandate at a time when they were suffering severe economic and social problems at home, and the threat of war with Germany. How was it possible for the Zionists' dream of a homeland in Palestine to survive when they were faced by a Government regretting its commitments, exasperated by both Jewish demands and placating the Palestinian Arabs. The Jews were outnumbered ten to one by the Arabs, but they persisted and, as described here, survived. Events in the first twenty years of the Mandate turned out to be as important to the survival of the Jewish homeland as both the Balfour Declaration of 1917 and the international revulsion at the horrors of the holocaust for the creation of the State of Israel.

Kenneth Collins, the leading chronicler of Scotland's Jews and a medical historian, tells the story of his family from its origins in Ukraine in the first half of the eighteenth century. He follows the descendants of his great-grandfather Zev Kagarlitsky in Russia, America, Argentina, France, Israel, England, and Scotland. Zev was born in a village near Kiev in 1854 and died in Tel Aviv in 1931. There is a cast of colourful characters including Marxists in Russia, a Holocaust survivor in France, an unexpected death of a Soviet commercial agent in London, early Zionist pioneers and businessmen in Scotland and America. Collin's grandfather arrived in Glasgow in 1912 and he explores the family integration into the business and professional life of Scotland's largest city, and home of most of its Jewish community. The book uses archival research in four continents, genealogical connections, and oral history to tell a story of a family whose experience mirrors Jewish life over almost three centuries. This is a warm and lively account of an international family that has succeeded in maintaining close links over succeeding generations, from Buenos Aires to Moscow and from the West Coast.

At a moment when communists were engineering a New Man, and Zionists a New Jew, a doctor and a teacher devoted themselves to a social experiment: raising a new child. Their orphanage is set amidst the desperate poverty of Jewish Warsaw; often the children are not orphans, but rather children of mothers unable to care for them, making their way out of rat-infested rooms with dirt floors or frozen cellars. In this polyphonic work of literary non-fiction, Magdalena Kicinska shifts the gaze from the legendary Dr. Korczak to the inscrutable Pani Stefa. Artfully - in a style reminiscent of Hanna Krall and Agata Tuszynska - the author pieces together a story of a life: a Polish Jewess who spoke French but not Yiddish; a pedagogue who was as demanding as she was self-sacrificing; a lonely woman who rarely in her life had a moment of privacy. In doing so, Kicinska shows us how it is sometimes the drama of history's minor characters, which can cast the most penetrating light on their world.

While the examination of bystanders to the Holocaust has constituted an important part of Holocaust research in the last decades, historians have focused mainly on the two major Western Allied powers, the United States and the United Kingdom. This book broadens this important research area to include the other members of the anti-Hitler alliance and how they helped to shape the attitudes and responses to the Nazi persecution and extermination of European Jewry. Specifically, it looks at the 'Jewish policy' of the various governments-in-exile that were established during the war in London and elsewhere, offering for the first time a comparative perspective on an important topic. The book contains an extensive introductory essay by Antony Polonsky, along with contributions by leading academics, including Tony Kushner, Renee Poznanski, Rainer Schulze, and Dariusz Stola.

Good Beyond Evil is the story of a handful of ordinary people who risked their lives to save the lives of one Jewish family. It begins in the spring of 1939, weaves through the post-liberation period and ends in 1997 with a ceremony at Yad Vashem. The acceptance of two of the main characters into the Community of 'Righteous Among the Nations' provokes humbling reflection on the richness of opportunities enjoyed by members of the family who were saved compared with the narrowly circumscribed lives of those who saved them. Set in the broader context of Czechoslovakia's short history, its democratic institutions and endemic anti-Semitism, Good Beyond Evil is a also a requiem for a once-flourishing Jewish community.

When Chief Rabbi Adler died in 1911, his friend, Sir Adolph Tuck wrote: 'The fame of Dr. Hermann Adler will be handed down to posterity and the great place occupied by him, widely recognised as it is already in our generation, will loom still more vividly in the future, when a broader view of his achievements will be possible.' Even King George V sent his condolences. Yet today Hermann Adler, called 'My Chief Rabbi' by Edward VII, is largely forgotten. The man who kept the community Orthodox, who helped the country absorb some 300,000 Jewish refugees from pogroms in Europe, who gave over 2,000 sermons and addresses in a 30-year career as Delegate Chief Rabbi and Chief Rabbi, is hardly known. In this new biography Derek Taylor has researched his life and proved that, far from the view of Adler as subject to the community's lay leaders, he was, in fact, a Rothschild on his mother's side and very much his own man. With a foreword by Lord Jacob Rothschild, a fascinating life unfolds of a man who fought his many opponents to a standstill, and tackled successfully the greatest challenges the community had faced since the Restoration.

This collection of original essays on the aftermath of the Second World War--edited by four of Europe's leading scholars and practitioners--presents the best, broadest, and newest research in an international enterprise to recover a submerged past that, while half-forgotten, shaped the lives of millions of people. The book is characterized by sensitive explorations of individual stories, rigorously contextualized and informed by an acute awareness of how national and international policies, as well as age, gender, ethnicity, and nationality, affected the fate of ordinary people. Applying multi-disciplinary insights and techniques, the essays show how almost every category, that seems fixed and familiar now, was actually in a state of flux in the turbulent post-war world. This innovative and often moving body of work, originating in a dozen countries, draws on the results of several major European-funded research projects. Crucially, the essays consider experiences from both Eastern and Western Europe.

Of all the libels that have served as a means of incitement of hate against Jews, and as intellectual justification of anti-Semitism, the myth of the so-called 'Jewish Conspiracy' to gain domination of the whole world, as embodied in the forged Protocols of the Elders of Zion, is probably the most devious and the most dangerous. Previously only analyzed in academic, footnoted studies, the history of the Protocols is presented here by Judge Hadassa Ben-Itto in an eminently readable, fascinating account, telling the stories of the numerous people involved over the hundred years that the forgery has existed. Above all, this is the story of a judge who follows the Protocols into lawyers' chambers and into courtrooms in Switzerland, South Africa, Germany, the United States, and Russia, and presents the reader with a detailed critical analysis of legal proceedings which culminated in fascinating courtroom drama. The truth is revealed again and again, but the lie will not die.

Haunted by her grandmother's Old World stories and larger-than-life persona, Andrea Simon undertook a spiritual search for her lost family. Her quest for truth gave tragic answers. Using newly translated archival records, she peeled back layers of clues to confront the mystery. This story of her momentous odyssey reveals the terrible fate of her kin. From her grandmother's village of Volchin in Belarus, she followed the trail of the death march taken by the village Jews to the place of their slaughter in 1942. During the same period, in Brona Gora forest some 50,000 Jews were shot. Simon was in one of the first American groups to visit this little-publicized site. Mass shootings of Jews, particularly in the Soviet Union, have not been addressed with the same focus given to concentration camp atrocities. Yet Simon's research reveals that Nazis killed nearly 50 percent of their Jewish victims by means other than gassing. Thus Simon fills a significant gap in Holocaust history by providing the most extensive report yet on the executions at Brona Gora and Volchin. As she interweaves tragic narrative with evocative family anecdotes, Simon writes a story of life in czarist Russia and of her family's flight from pogroms and persecution. From a unique vantage Simon's memoir discloses her dogged genealogical search, the newly perceived Jewish history she uncovered, and the ramifications of the Holocaust in the postwar generation.

In October 1938, eight-year-old Josef Rosenbaum, his mother, and his younger sister set out from Germany on a cruel odyssey, fleeing into eastern Europe along with thousands of other refugees. Sent to Siberian slave labor camps in the wildernesses, they suffered brutal cold, famine, and disease. When Germany invaded Russia many refugees were forced out of Siberia to primitive tent camps in Uzbekistan, accompanied by the Polish army-in-exile previously imprisoned by the Soviets. Within weeks the commander of the army, General Wladyslaw Anders, received orders to relocate his army to Iran to train to fight alongside the British in North Africa. Instructed to leave without the civilians, Anders instead ordered all evacuees, including Jews, to head southward with his troops. Joe and the refugees were again loaded on trains, accompanied by the Polish soldiers, and sent to the port of Pahlavi on the Caspian Sea. Then, transported by trucks over treacherous mountain roads, they finally arrived in Tehran, where they struggled to survive in horrifying conditions. In October 1942, the Jewish Agency in Jerusalem accepted responsibility for the nine hundred orphaned Jewish children in the camp, and by January 1943, the agency secured travel certificates for the Tehran Children to evacuate to Palestine. Joe and the other children, after five terrible years, finally reached safety at the Athlit Detention Camp, north of Haifa, on 18 February 1943. Readers will find the story is one of the swift brutalities of war, and the suffering of civilians swept up in the maelstrom of fierce conflict. A Train to Palestine recreates a remarkable, and little-known story of escape and survival during the Second World War.

Jerusalem is simultaneously a real physical place and a cultural object loaded with myriad narratives and images. Cinema as a social institution records and moulds the various voices and changing modes of Jerusalem into a collective unconsciousness. This book, the first to deal with Jerusalem in Israeli cinema, aims to unravel the cinematic writing of the city as traces of memory inscribed in its symbolic geography. Through early film to contemporary - Israeli and international, fictional and documentaries, television series and experimental video art - the book examines the city's landmarks. Highlighting not only Jerusalem's iconic sites, such as Temple Mount and the Western Wall, the book also explores spaces that lie between the private home and the public sphere, road blocks and the exilic home for both Jews and Palestinians, women wandering in the city and outside of it, refugees and Zombies. How is Jerusalem, a city eternally between the heavenly and the earthly, characterized and depicted? Throughout the various plots and images from Leaving Jerusalem by Railway through My Michael, Cemetery Club, Inferno and JeruZalem, constant movement is evident: the wandering and journeying movement of exiled figures to and from Jerusalem and the movement between times: histories, archives and images transforming according to social and cultural shifts. While Jerusalem is a spatially and temporally existing place, the book exposes the mythological Israeli space, and the cracks that have appeared in it.

What is it that we wish to see in our photo albums? Reality as it was, or a selected, upgraded version of our past? Can we control the memories we pass on? These are some of the thought-provoking questions that Edna Barromi-Perlman raises in her book. Barromi-Perlman analyses photographs taken on kibbutzim between 1948 and 1967. Kibbutz socialist ideology and egalitarian lifestyle, in this formative period, are investigated from a novel perspective: the unique genre of photography it generated. This genre encompassed all facets of life; family, childhood, education, parenting, communal life and work. Private and public photographs taken on kibbutzim, alongside individual memories, unveil the challenges of parenting on the one hand, and their effect on childhood on kibbutz, on the other. These photographs contain both overt and covert information on Zionist-socialist ideology, conveying - not just what is in the images, but as much by what is left out of them - the struggles and hardships endured by kibbutz members. By learning how to interpret the images, we gain a fascinating and graphic insight into the lives and philosophies of kibbutz members and how their societies were structured.

Essentials of Jewish History is a comprehensive compendium for ready reference. Both a typology of leadership roles (prophets; prophetesses; high priests; Judges; kings; queens; exilarchs; courtiers; Zionists; generals; sages) and a Who's Who, its unique value is in outlining and assembling all of these discrete categories in one convenient volume. Essentials of Jewish History is an exceptionally useful resource for scholars and laypersons alike. For knowledgeable readers, it offers the advantages of its systematic organization and inclusivity of content. For readers unfamiliar with Jewish history prior to encountering this book, it affords a newfound and solid grasp of what the first 4,000 years of Jewish history entailed.

In this book the emotional journeys of two German Jewish refugees are reconstructed from a substantial collection of family papers, which are used imaginatively to explore and illuminate a wider history. The letters evoke how it felt at the time to be a refugee and express eloquently the distress and losses involved in exile, separation and internment, providing intense dynamic snapshots of how they managed their emotions from day to day through changing external events. The author demonstrates how the themes of managing emotions, separation and loss, memory, identity, belonging and home, and coming to terms with the past, even when explored within a very specific context within this book, are relevant to the experiences of more recent migrants and refugees. This engaging, accessible book is beautifully written, with enormous honesty and power. Fully referenced, it draws on conceptual and theoretical ideas, but the clear style and writing will appeal to the general reader as well as to students and academics.