Bøker utgitt av Walter de Gruyter

Island phenomena are a central topic in generative grammar, especially because of principled exceptions to these general extraction constraints. This volume investigates exceptional extractions from phrasal adjunct islands. It argues, based on experimental studies, that several factors identified in the previous literature are uninformative about locality conditions because they show effects in both extraction and non-extraction sentence forms. The volume develops a multifactorial model to account for these effects without appealing to universal extraction conditions and argues that the relative acceptability of the underlying proposition determines acceptability across sentence types.

The handbook Language and Emotion is intended to give a historical and systematic profile of the area. It will aim to connect contemporary and historical theories, approaches, and applications and to cover eastern and western perspectives of language, communication, and emotion. It will present all relevant aspects of language and emotion and thus contribute significantly to research in the field of linguistics and semiotics of emotion.

This book provides a usage-based perspective to the study of multi-word compounding, analyzing the structural, functional and cognitive aspects of tripartite compounds (e.g. day care center, football game, hotel bedroom). It highlights the heterogeneity of these word-formation products, but also carves out surprising differences to two-word compounds. In order to reveal the step from two-word compounding to multi-word compounding, the book explains why only some compounds are used productively for the formation of more complex compounds. Building on the idea of entrenchment, it provides a theoretical account that allows understanding speakers' ability to produce multi-word compounds.

Caijia, [meŋ²¹ni33ŋoŋ33] 'Caijia speech', is an endangered language in the Sino-Tibetan family with less than 1000 speakers in Hezhang and Weining counties in northwest in Guizhou Province in Southwest China. Its sub-classification remains unclear. It was almost four decades ago when the Caijia language was officially reported for the first time in 1982 by the Language Team of Bureau of Ethnic Identification in Bijie, yet this language has nevertheless remained neither well-described nor studied. This book, a linguistic description of the Xingfa variety of Caijia based on the fieldwork data in Xingfa township of Hezhang county, is the first reference grammar of the Caijia language, covering its sound system, word formation, parts of speech and syntactic structures in fifteen chapters. Being analytic, Caijia presents many common grammatical features attested in East and Southeast Asian languages, for example, compounds, quadrisyllabic idiomatic expressions or elaborate expressions, lack of inflection, a classifier system, a strong relationship between nominalization and relativization, pro-drop and grammaticalization of verbs. Moreover, Caijia shares more similarities with Sinitic languages. Apart from these common areal features, this book will also reveal some special features of Caijia.

This book presents a new extended framework for the study of early multicompetence. It proposes a concept of multilingual competences as a valuable educational target, and a view of the multilingual learner as a competent language user. The thematic focus is on multilingual skill development in primary schoolers in the trilingual province of South Tyrol, northern Italy. A wide range of topics pertaining to multicompetence building and the special affordances of multilingual pedagogy are explored. Key concepts like language proficiency, native-speakerism, or monolingual classroom bias are subjected to critical analysis.

Das Münchener Abkommen von 1938 zerstörte endgültig die nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg in Europa etablierte Friedensordnung. Seine Bedeutung geht somit weit über die erzwungene Abtretung der böhmisch-mährischen Grenzgebiete an Deutschland hinaus. Es war der Auftakt zur Zerstörung der Tschechoslowakei und der Beginn der nationalsozialistischen Okkupationspolitik. Es dynamisierte bestehende Revisionsansprüche und konfrontierte alle europäischen Mächte mit der Herausforderung des Hitler-Regimes, das Europa schon 1938 an den Rand eines Krieges getrieben hatte. Im vorliegenden Band analysieren Historiker aus Deutschland, Tschechien, der Slowakei, Frankreich, Großbritannien, Italien, Polen, Ungarn und Russland die europäischen Zusammenhänge des Münchener Abkommens über den engeren deutsch-tschechoslowakischen Kontext hinaus. Mit Beiträgen von Jaromir Balcar, Josef Becker, Christoph Boyer, Detlef Brandes, Valerián Bystrický, Patricia Dogliani, Angela Hermann, Peter Krüger, Zdenko Marsálek, Peter Neville, Jörg Osterloh, Ignac Romcics, Michal Schvarc, Sergej Slutsch, Vít Smetana, Georges-Henri Soutou, Christoph Studt, Joachim Tauber, Emil Vorácek, Jürgen Zarusky, Stanislav Zerko, Volker Zimmermann, Martin Zückert

Linguistic theories often suffer from the dilemma that their explanatory power is based on extra-linguistic assumptions. The book delineates the essence of linguistic theory and linguistic explanation and, in doing so, proposes a solution to the dilemma. Simultaneously, the book is one of the first attempts to profile the philosophy of linguistics as a distinct sub-discipline of the contemporary philosophy of science.

The last decades have witnessed a renewed interest in near-synonymy. In particular, recent distributional corpus-based approaches used for semantic analysis have successfully uncovered subtle distinctions in meaning between near-synonyms. However, most studies have dealt with the semantic structure of sets of near-synonyms from a synchronic perspective, while their diachronic evolution generally has been neglected. Against this backdrop, the aim of this book is to examine five adjectival near-synonyms in the history of American English from the understudied semantic domain of SMELL: fragrant, perfumed, scented, sweet-scented, and sweet-smelling. Their distribution is analyzed across a wide range of contexts, including semantic, morphosyntactic, and stylistic ones, since distributional patterns of this type serve as a proxy for semantic (dis)similarity. The data is submitted to various univariate and multivariate statistical techniques, making it possible to uncover fine-grained (dis)similarities among the near-synonyms, as well as possible changes in their prototypical structures. The book sheds valuable light on the diachronic development of lexical near-synonyms, a dimension that has up to now been relatively disregarded.

This handbook provides broad coverage of the languages indigenous to North America, with special focus on typologically interesting features and areal characteristics, surveys of current work, and topics of particular importance to communities. The volume is divided into two major parts: subfields of linguistics and family sketches. The subfields include those that are customarily addressed in discussions of North American languages (sounds and sound structure, words, sentences), as well as many that have received somewhat less attention until recently (tone, prosody, sociolinguistic variation, directives, information structure, discourse, meaning, language over space and time, conversation structure, evidentiality, pragmatics, verbal art, first and second language acquisition, archives, evolving notions of fieldwork). Family sketches cover major language families and isolates and highlight topics of special value to communities engaged in work on language maintenance, documentation, and revitalization.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Elemente der Graphischen Statik" verfügbar.

Since the end of the USSR, post-Soviet Jewry has evolved into an ethnically and culturally diverse Russian speaking community. This process is taking place against the gradual inflation of a collective identity among Russian-speaking Jews that survived the first post-Soviet decade. The infrastructure for this new entity is provided by new local (or ethno-civic) groups of East European Ashkenazi Jewry with specific communal, subcultural, and ethno-political identities ("Ukrainian," "Moldavian," or "Russian" Jews, e.g.). These communities demonstrate a changing balance of identification between their countries of residence and the "transnational Russian-Jewish community", and they absorb a significant number of persons of non-Jewish and ethnically heterogeneous origins as well. This book discusses identity, community modes, migration dynamics, socioeconomic status, attitudes toward Israel, social and political environments, and other parameters framing these trends using the results of a comprehensive sociological study of the extended Jewish population conducted in 2019-2020 by this author in the five former-Soviet Union countries (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, and Kazakhstan).

New Diplomatic History has turned into one of the most dynamic and innovative areas of research - especially with regard to early modern history. It has shown that diplomacy was not as homogenous as previously thought. On the contrary, it was shaped by a multitude of actors, practices and places. The handbook aims to characterise these different manifestations of diplomacy and to contextualise them within ongoing scientific debates. It brings together scholars from different disciplines and historiographical traditions.The handbook deliberately focuses on European diplomacy - although non-European areas are taken into account for future research - in order to limit the framework and ensure precise definitions of diplomacy and its manifestations. This must be the prerequisite for potential future global historical perspectives including both the non-European and the European world.

The phenomenon of labour takes the character of a prism. Labour is thereby always context dependent and constituted through the actions of all protagonists involved in any labour relationship. On the basis of three case studies in colonial German East Africa - the construction of the Central Railway (1905-1916), the Otto Plantation in Kilossa (1907-1916) and the palaeontological Tendaguru Expedition (1909-1911) - labour and labour relations are analysed. The focus lies on hitherto neglected actors and groups of actors of labour in the colonial context of East Africa. These were especially German companies and their staff, white subaltern railway sub-contractors and labour recruiters, Indian skilled workers and (qualified) East African workers. Furthermore, all three sites of labour proved to have their individual logics and characteristics. But all of them were in tension between the 'global' and the 'local', coercion and voluntariness, machine and manual labour, skilled and unskilled labour, reproductive and wage labour, as well as between black and white. Michael Rösser's dissertation has been awarded with 'honorary distinction' by the European Network in Universal and Global History (ENIUGH).

The theme of the book is the creation of tactics for littoral warfare - as opposed to the more common blue ocean perspective. Themes are how NATO perceived the goals of the enemy; the purposes of the NATO organisations, the military instruments they had to organise, the organization of cooperation among units from sovereign states, and how they tested their military capabilities. Research is based on war plans and tactics of the Danish and West German navies and their planned support from air forces. We follow the modernisations of the navies from guns to missiles. Tactical discussions among military top offi cers are laid bare, and intelligence reports about the Warsaw Pact and its military capabilities are presented. Exercises are analysed based on the military reports.

das um 1300 entstandene 'Passional' ist die erste große Legendensammlung in deutscher Sprache und gilt als eines der dichterisch bedeutsamsten und wirkmächtigsten Werke der mittelhochdeutschen geistlichen Epik. Der anonyme Autor hat den nach dem Fest- und Heiligenkalender geordneten Legendenstoff seiner Hauptquelle, der 'Legenda aurea' des Jacobus de Voragine, neu gegliedert und in drei Bücher aufgeteilt: Buch I fasst die auf die verschiedenen Marien- und Herrenfeste verteilten Stoffe zu einem Marienleben zusammen, Buch II enthält die Apostellegenden und Buch III 75 Heiligenleben. Im Gegensatz zu den Heiligenleben waren Buch I und II bislang nur als Abdruck einer unvollständigen Handschrift zugänglich. Sie liegen nun erstmals in einer Ausgabe vor, welche die Gesamtheit der Überlieferung, das Verhältnis zu den Quellen und den besonderen Wortschatz des Autors ausführlich dokumentiert.

As a result of rapid advancements in computer science during recent decades, there has been an increased use of digital tools, methodologies and sources in the field of digital humanities. While opening up new opportunities for scholarship, many digital methods and tools now used for humanities research have nevertheless been developed by computer or data sciences and thus require a critical understanding of their mode of operation and functionality.The novel field of digital hermeneutics is meant to provide such a critical and reflexive frame for digital humanities research by acquiring digital literacy and skills. A new knowledge for the assessment of digital data, research infrastructures, analytical tools, and interpretative methods is needed, providing the humanities scholar with the necessary munition for doing critical research. The Doctoral Training Unit "Digital History and Hermeneutics" at the University of Luxembourg applies this analytical frame to 13 PhD projects. By combining a hermeneutic reflection on the new digital practices of humanities scholarship with hands-on experimentation with digital tools and methods, new approaches and opportunities as well as limitations and flaws can be addressed.

In his book 21 Lessons for the 21st Century the historian Yuval Noah Harrari wrote that man had the possibility to conquer the world precisely because he could create fictional stories and believe in them. People created more and more complex stories about themselves that served and continue to serve, according to the professor of the University of Jerusalem, building unity, social harmony and gaining power. A narrative about past, in which memory fragmentation and victimisation play a large role, may be a temptation to instrumentalise the past. This is especially true in relation to the events of the twentieth century, when a series of bloody war conflicts occurred. As shown in the following post-conference volume, today the wars of the past (World War I and World War II, Indian-Pakistani war) and current conflicts (Russo-Ukrainian war, war in Sudan or Nagorno-Karabakh) are also a catalyst for the process of instrumentalisation. This process can be analysed both at the level of the evolution of the language of conflict, including the erosion of the values of democratic dialogue, and the use of specific means of commemorating the past (monuments, museums, the Internet).

A focus on the everyday has produced this ethnography, which hopes to give a nuanced voice to an extended family of semi-sedentary nomads, living at the centre of a country and region known for its political turmoil, ecological insecurities, and socio-economic hardship. The everyday of the Chadian Walad Djifir is one in which sedentarity and mobility are approached as two entwined parts of a whole, and where economic and geographical boundaries do not necessarily form constrictions. The ferīkh (nomadic camp) is where all of the Walad Djifir's networks meet, and often also begin- a physical place embodying various networks and connections, which span time and geographical space. This analytical and methodological approach gives insight in how regional trends can be understood in light of the Walad Djifir's daily lives. Over time, the Walad Djifir have developed ways of coping and dealing with insecurities, interacting with infrastructural, technological, and socio-political developments in specific ways. In exploring how such insecurities and crises become anchored into the everyday, the ferīkh provides answers. It is precisely the mundane elements of daily life which anchor disruption.

In studies of copular clauses, the relation between specificational and predicative clauses has been a contentious issue. While most studies agree on the analysis of predicative clauses, specificational clauses have sparked much debate. A key concern is how specificational clauses with indefinite 'variable' NP (e.g. "A popular holiday go-to is Rome") compare to, and contrast with, other copular clauses, especially specificational clauses with definite 'variable' NP (e.g. "The main can't-miss in Italy is Rome") and predicative clauses with indefinite predicate nominative (e.g. "Rome is a great city"). This book addresses this concern by offering a functional-structural analysis of these three clause types in terms of their common characteristics and distinguishing features. The analysis of the clauses' structure and meaning is substantiated by evidence from corpus research which probes into various aspects of their actual usage (e.g. information structure and prosody, discourse-embedding). In doing so, the book offers an empirical basis for testing existing assumptions about predicative and specificational clauses, while also providing new insights into the interaction between the grammar and discourse usage of copular clauses.

This grammar of English embraces major lexical, phonological, syntactic structures and interfaces. It is based on the substantive assumption: that the categories and structures at all levels represent mental substance, conceptual and/or perceptual. The adequacy of this assumption in expressing linguistic generalizations is tested. The lexicon is seen as central to the grammar; it contains signs with conceptual, or content, poles, minimally words, and perceptual, and expression, poles, segments. Both words and segments are differentiated by substance-based features. They determine the erection of syntactic and phonological structures at the interfaces from lexicon. The valencies of words, the identification of their semantically determined complements and modifiers, control the erection of syntactic structures in the form of dependency relations. However, the features of different segment types determines their placement in the syllable, or as prosodies. Despite this discrepancy, dependency and linearization are two of the analogical properties displayed by lexical, syntactic and phonological structure. Analogies among parts of the grammar are another consequence of substantiveness, as is the presence of figurativeness and iconicity.

This volume offers an introduction about theoretical concepts, forms, and the impact of genocidal violence. It thereby intends to serve as a source of texts that can be used in a variety of introductory courses on genocide and the violence that occurs during genocidal events in particular. It will consequently also offer a survey on debates and recent research about the history, sociology and psychology of violence.

In the Biden multipolar era, Western Democracies face a dilemma: Should they keep marching behind the free market band, or should they engage the Asia new powers in a collegial governance of the common goods? This book looks for precedents that may guide deliberation. When the first age of globalization collapsed into WWI, Carl Polanyi wrote: "While the various shades of anti-democrats each have their own story of the world catastrophe, the democrat has yet to produce his own" (Polanyi 2018, 177). The interwar period is described through the eyes of five witnesses: J.M. Keynes recalls the surreal Versailles conference; E. Canetti, K. Polanyi, and G. Ferrero reflect on the relationship among power, markets, and the people. In the opposite field, F. von Hayek argues for a supranational agency which may ensure global free trade, bypassing the distortions national democracies procure to global markets. For a few years in the 1990s the WTO embodied von Hayek's utopia. This book contends that globalization is an intermittent event. To support that position, two main episodes of globalization are compared: the English textile revolution and the Silicon Valley information age. Each moved through four similar phases: Industry cluster; global infrastructure; regional monopolies; transfer of global leadership. To prevent a repeat of the WWI collapse, Western democracies should promote a concerted governance of environmental issues and other common goods, rather than relying on the free market mechanism.

Even though null subjects have been extensively studied in the past four decades, there is a growing interest in partial null subject languages (e.g. Finnish) and a subtler classification of null subject phenomena overall. This volume aims at contributing to this trend, focusing on Slavic and Finno-Ugric groups, with some extension to Baltic and Samoyedic languages. Interestingly, these groups offer an impressive array of macro- and microvariation. Moreover, given an increasing interest towards the internal structure of the pronominal elements and the role of various types of topics in the left periphery of the sentence structure, the enterprise taken up in this book is to investigate lexical and null, referential and generic subjects in order to understand and compare their feature composition, licensing conditions, and structural properties. Rather than trying to squeeze the studied languages into a predefined set of parameters, this volume highlights some properties that may lead to a refinement of the existing generalizations. It brings together contributors from both generative and typological traditions and will be of interest to any researcher willing to investigate argument-drop in a wider crosslinguistic perspective.

In the history of education, the question of how computers were introduced into European classrooms has so far been largely neglected. This edited volume strives to address this gap. The contributions shed light on the computerization of education from a historical perspective, by attending closely to the different actors involved - such as politicians, computer manufacturers, teachers, and students -, political rationales and ideologies, as well as financial, political, or organizational structures and relations. The case studies highlight differences in political and economic power, as well as in ideological reasoning and the priorities set by different stakeholders in the process of introducing computers into education. However, the contributions also demonstrate that simple cold war narratives fail to capture the complex dynamics and entanglements in the history of computers as an educational technology and a subject taught in schools. The edited volume thus provides a comprehensive historical understanding of the role of education in an emerging digital society.

Das vorliegende Werk bietet in konzentrierter Form umfassende Hilfestellung bei der Anfertigung wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten. Es richtet sich insbesondere an noch unerfahrene Studierende, die hier die notwendigen Gesamtinformationen zur Erstellung von Seminar- und Abschlussarbeiten finden. Das Buch vermittelt die Grundansprüche an wissenschaftliches Arbeiten, präsentiert detailliert Hinweise und Regeln für die einzelnen Entstehungsschritte einer wissenschaftlichen Arbeit (mit Demonstrationsbeispielen) und stellt häufig verwendete Beurteilungskriterien zur Letztkontrolle einer (fast fertigen) Arbeit vor. Neu in der aktuellen Auflage finden sich Hinweise zu den Regeln guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis und zur Vermeidung von wissenschaftlichem Fehlverhalten sowie Informationen zur Arbeit mit elektronischen Literaturverwaltungsprogrammen.

das Wissen um betriebswirtschaftliche Grundtatbestände ist eine notwendige Voraussetzung für jeden, der in Betrieben an verantwortlicher Stelle tätig ist oder sich als Studierender auf eine solche Tätigkeit vorbereitet. Dabei kommt es häufig nicht so sehr auf ein spezifisches Detailwissen als vielmehr auf die Fähigkeit an, betriebswirtschaftliche Zusammenhänge konzeptionell zu erfassen und betriebliche Probleme in ihrem spezifisch ökonomischen Wesenskern zu begreifen. Aufbau und Inhalt des Lehrbuches sind von dieser Grundüberlegung geprägt. Für die 18. Auflage sind inhaltliche Überarbeitungen vor allem im Achten Kapitel (Externe Unternehmungsrechnung) vorgenommen worden, insbesondere notwendige Aktualisierungen hinsichtlich geltendender Rechtsvorschriften.

Die Studien der Reihe Werbung - Konsum - Geschichte widmen sich aus geistes-, sozial-, kultur-, kommunikations- und integrativwissenschaftlicher Perspektive den Themenfeldern Werbung, Marketing, Konsum und Material Culture in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Das Herausgeber*innenteam will mit diesen Publikationen den produktiven, diskursiven und interdisziplinären Austausch befördern und Anstoß zu weiterführenden wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten in diesen Themenfeldern geben. Beiräte: Reinhild Kreis, Holger Schramm und Guido Zurstiege.

Das vorliegende Buch hilft, die wirtschaftlichen Aspekte Europas zu verstehen, indem es grundlegende Annahmen und Strukturen darstellt, bisherige Abläufe sowie Erfolge und Misserfolge schildert und die Probleme und Widersprüche der europäischen Wirtschaftsintegration benennt. Der Leser gewinnt damit das notwendige Grundlagen- und Überblickswissen, um die wirtschaftlichen Vor- und Nachteile, die Risiken und Chancen der dynamischen und manchmal widersprüchlichen Entwicklungen Europas einschätzen zu können. In der Neuauflage wird die Euro-Krise thematisiert und ein grundlegendes Verständnis der Ursachen und Wirkungszusammenhänge der Krise Schritt für Schritt vermittelt.

Der Vorkurs in Mathematik hilft, die existierenden Lücken zwischen dem vorhandenen Schulwissen und den Anforderungen der Hochschule zu überbrücken.