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Given the chronic power shortages faced by numerous developing countries, and the need everywhere to keep pace with demand, understanding the drivers of public private partnerships (PPPs) in energy is critical. While many private electricity projects have been delayed and financing costs have increased, the impact of the global financial crisis was less severe than that of previous crises that originated in developing countries. This resilience stems from developing countries need to expand generation capacity, electricity sector reforms and better regulatory frameworks, and short-term solutions (such as rental power plants). The study reports the evidence from statistical analysis and a sample of case studies selected based. It proposes a novel analytical approach to model PPPs, using a two-stage procedure based on Heckmans sample selection distinguishing between those factors that determine whether private investment in energy takes place, and those that influence the volume of investment. The results of the analysis provide the following conclusions: Both general governance and regulatory instrument primarily affect investors decisions to enter the various power sector markets, not the subsequent level of investment indicating that investors seem to be adequately protected against risks. Support mechanisms, like feed-in tariffs, are crucial for attracting investors in renewable generation, but they do not succeed in displacing fossil fuel investment and they could play a bigger role in affecting the level of investment in renewables. There is a significant trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency of alternative instruments for deploying renewables. Feed-in tariffs tended to be quite effective but to be set on the high side, reducing incentives to cut costs and posing significant strains on already stripped national budgets. Competitive auctions, on the other hand have tended to be efficient but initially low and not always the most effective instrument. Countries can scale up renewables following different paths. For Brazil, the move from feed-in tariffs to auctions enabled it to both reduce costs and deploy additional capacity. Peru followed in Brazils path, opting for auctions instead of introducing feed-in tariffs. On the other hand, Chinas move from competitive tenders to feed-in tariffs allowed for discovery effects to determine the right level of prices to attract private investment in renewables.

Azerbaijan experienced a `golden age' in the last decade, during which the average growth rate reached record high levels and poverty decreased significantly. This report takes an inclusive growth approach to investigating the ways in which the country's high growth was translated into significant poverty reduction.

This report is among the first analyses in Africa to examine how parents and communities have taken up the challenge of feeding their children during the school day. It carries important messages for countries throughout Africa and beyond that are seeking to develop sustainable, community-led school feeding programmes.

Fills an important gap in the global knowledge on programs addressing HIV and AIDS, providing robust evidence that good results can be achieved by investing in communities with even limited resources.

The Federal Government of Nigeria has adopted an ambitious strategy to make Nigeria the world's 20th largest economy by 2020. This book analyses options for Nigeria to achieve these development objectives and pursue low-carbon development in the sectors agriculture and land use, oil and gas, power, and transport.

Sustaining trade reform in Peru and reversing it in Argentina have been matters of national choice. International organizations such as the World Bank and the WTO have been helpful when they recognized domestic sovereignty over economic regulation, not so when they approached the matter as international regulation of national actions.

Although Islamic finance is one of the fastest growing segments of emerging global financial markets, its concepts are not fully exploited especially in the areas of economic development, inclusion, access to finance, and public policy. This volume is to improve understanding of the perspective of Islamic finance on economic development, social

Assesses Sri Lanka's infrastructure endowment and performance, analyses the contribution of infrastructure to economic and spatial development, and outlines investment needs and strategic priorities within those established by the Mahinda Chintana. It provides a cross-sectoral analysis of the major infrastructure cross-cutting themes.

The object of this book is to provide a strategic guide to help assess the financial service needs of the poor and to determine how a diversified financial sector can address these needs. The book aims to facilitate access to and usage of financial products and services that genuinely meet the many needs of the poor through various sustainable financial service providers.

Corruption is a multidimensional phenomenon that rears its head in many places. For this reason, it is difficult and challenging to assess how well a country is doing in addressing it. This volume examines corruption across various sectors and gives guidance to practitioners and policymakers in the design of anticorruption reforms in these areas.

This private health sector assessment in the Republic of Congo provides a diagnosis of the nature and the effectiveness of the interface between the public and private sectors, establishes a dialogue on policy with stakeholders, and makes recommendations for reform that would bolster public and private involvement.

Over the past century, the world has seen a sustained decline in the proportion of people living in poverty, but climate change could challenge poverty reduction efforts. This surveys the relevant research on how climate change may affect global poverty rates and presents country-specific studies with implications for low-income rural populations as well as governments' risk management programmes.

Concentrating solar thermal technologies have a clear potential for scaling up renewable energy at the utility level, thereby diversifying the generation portfolio mix, powering development, and mitigating climate change. The report analyses current experience in designing and implementing regulatory frameworks supporting the technology.

Reviews the experience of cooperation in five international river basins, focusing on the perceptions of risks and opportunities by decision makers in countries responding to a specific prospect of cooperation. For each basin, the analysis centred on "tipping points", or periods in time when policymakers in the countries involved were faced with a critical decision concerning water cooperation.