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A concise pocket guide covering the full range of vascular surgery topics for surgical trainees.

Around the world, small manufacturing enterprises in market-based economies are facing daily challenges posed by emerging green imperatives and opportunities. These issues impact future decisions, allocation of resources, and encourage managers to refocus their strategies.This book investigates how smaller manufacturing enterprises commit to green marketing strategies, mapping all major parts of the design process throughout the entire value-creating channel. It draws together a comprehensive framework to understand, from the perspective of marketing management, what managerial considerations are important in committing to green initiatives.Presenting an active debate and policies on environmental sustainability for small and medium sizes manufacturing companies, it focuses on aspects of innovative marketing practices in response to the need for businesses to incorporate strategies that generate a smaller carbon footprint.Aimed at an international audience, Mapping Managerial Implications of Green Strategy is an invaluable resource for managers looking for green solutions, and doctoral and graduate students looking for research topics.

This book provides state-of-the-art information on how studies in applied theoretical organic chemistry are conducted. It highlights the many approaches and tools available to those interested in using computational chemistry to predict and rationalize structures and reactivity of organic molecules. Chapters not only describe theoretical techniques in detail, but also describe recent applications and offer practical advice.Authored by many of the world leaders in the field of applied theoretical chemistry, this book is perfect for both practitioners of computational chemistry and synthetic and mechanistic organic chemists curious about applying computational techniques to their research.

 From the rise of chemical technology in antiquity to the present day, Igniting the Chemical Ring of Fire tracks the development of professional chemistry communities in the countries of the Pacific Rim. Critical in this process was the development of local education and training in chemistry. The doctorate in chemistry is generally regarded as coming into existence in early 19th century Germany, with the model spreading globally as time passed. In early years it was common for international chemistry scholars to train at the ranking German or English universities before returning to their home countries to seed a local version of the doctorate. However, little has been formally written about this process outside of Europe.Representing a first in the field for countries of the Pacific Rim, this book documents the detailed history of chemical communities in ten countries from a team of internationally renowned historians. Providing insights into how and when these countries initiated local chemistry PhD programs and became independent chemical entities, Igniting the Chemical Ring of Fire shows that there is no single path to development.

 Silver holds three world records; it has the lowest contact resistance, highest electrical conductivity and the best thermal conductivity of all metals. The element's physical strength, brilliance and malleability leads to its many uses from electronics to optical applications.A new 'silver rush' has occurred following the recent discovery that silver, when divided to form particles at the nano scale, can take on new properties. Meanwhile, there has been an increase in regulations against environmental pollution of silver ions toxicity, which have caused numerous diseases and disorders in the marine, microbial, invertebrate and vertebrate community (including humans). Both of which have led to a great interest in silver recovery for both environmental toxicity and an economic point of view.Comprised of ten chapters, this book draws attention to the most advance technologies in silver recovery and recycling from various spent sources, which will appeal to research scientists and metallurgists. The state of the art in recovery of silver from different sources by hydrometallurgical and bio-metallurgical processing and varieties of leaching, cementing, reducing agents, adsorbents, and bio-sorbents are highlighted in this book.

The role of physics in our culture is examined from the time of Newton to the present day. It has three parts: an introduction to physics and two parts covering the roles of Newtonian and Modern/Postmodern physics. It is shown how popularization enabled physics to become part of our culture, while the topics discussed include religion, philosophy, politics, literature, the visual arts, and music. An underlying theme is that physics is an intimate part of our culture which, together with the other sciences, has had a wide general influence that cannot be ignored.The book has been written for all that are genuinely interested in culture. It is well referenced and illustrated, and suitable for the general public, students and academics who are interested in bridging the sciences and humanities in today's era of specialization.

This book investigates the development of sorption enhanced reaction processes (SERPs) with detailed modelling and simulation, design and operation of units. SERPs are processes intensified by combining adsorption and reaction, reaction and membranes or reaction/adsorption/membranes in a single unit in order to overcome thermodynamic limitations of conversion in reversible reactions. The focus here is on gas phase and liquid phase processes involving different technologies, including pressure swing adsorptive reactors, membrane reactors and simulated moving bed reactors. Emphasis is also given to presenting data and practical applications of SERP products.Sorption Enhanced Reaction Processes provides undergraduate and graduate students of chemistry and chemical engineering, researchers and industrial engineers with a clear path towards process development of SERP, whatever the area of application.

The knowledge of how to calculate and use statistics are necessary skills for all psychology students. Although this discipline can be daunting, the usual fear and anxiety inspired by statistics can be overcome by explaining the fundamental concepts in everyday terms, and in their historical context.

This book provides rigorous foundations of applying modern computational mechanics to earthquake engineering. The scope covers the numerical analysis of earthquake wave propagation processes and the faulting processes, and also presents the most advanced

Microbial metabolism refers to how microbes obtain energy and nutrients needed to live and reproduce. Its uses in chemical synthesis are multiple, and, when engineered, can provide reliable and reproducible reactions for application in industrial or biogeochemical processes.This book provides expert reviews and perspectives on how to engineer microbial metabolism for chemical synthesis. Major metabolic pathways or networks in microbial systems, including glycolysis, citric acid and photosynthesis, are briefly summarized. Following this, the metabolic engineering efforts of extending these pathways and networks for the biosynthesis of various chemicals are reviewed with the emphasis on the biochemical reactions and engineering strategies. The potential of these pathways for further metabolic engineering are also discussed. From graduate to professional level, cellular metabolism and metabolic engineering applications are introduced to the readers gradually and systematically, making it perfect for students, researchers and practitioners of chemistry, biochemistry and metabolic engineering.

This book provides an in-depth treatment of the study of the stability of engineering structures.

 This century has seen the development of technologies for manipulating and controlling matter and light at the level of individual photons and atoms, a realm in which physics is fully quantum-mechanical. The dominant experimental technology is the laser, and the theoretical paradigm is quantum optics.The Quantum World of Ultra-Cold Atoms and Light is a trilogy, which presents the quantum optics way of thinking and its applications to quantum devices. This book — "Ultra-Cold Atoms" — provides a theoretical treatment of ultra-cold Bosons and Fermions and their interactions with electromagnetic fields in a form consistent with the first two books in the trilogy.The central concept is the quantum stochastic paradigm, formulated for cold collision physics. For Bosons, this yields a suite of techniques; versions of the stochastic Gross–Pitaevskii equation, using which a wide range of dynamic and thermal properties are formulated.The eBook editions of the "Quantum World Trilogy" feature an extensive system of hyperlinks for ease of cross reference within the books, as well as links to the other books in the trilogy. In the section Viewing the eBooks we explain how these links work, and give some advice on appropriate pdf viewer applications.

This book is intended for non-specialists and students, presenting a unique introduction to the field of DNA nanotechnology. The primary focus is on the extraordinary advantages of specificity and sensitivity obtained by integrating DNA nanostructures in bioanalytical devices.DNA Nanotechnology for Bioanalysis provides a concise and rigorous description for the fabrication of various types of functional nanostructures by optimized software-aided high-yield synthesis. Following this is the explanation of methods to decorate these nanostructures with molecules such as proteins, metal nanoparticles or bioorganic moieties covalently bonded onto DNA via self-assemblage processes. Also provided is a concise review on non-canonical DNA structures (such as G-quadruplexes) and their targeting by small molecules for applications in pharmacology. Finally, it describes the exciting applications of DNA nanostructures in life sciences and nanomedicine, including ultraspecific molecular delivery, control of cell behavior, analysis of cell lysate and DNA-based nano-tools for super-resolution sub-cellular imaging.

 Sensors for measuring and detecting chemical and biological substances are comprehensively used and are, for the most part, unobtrusive. They can help monitor our health through alerting us to chemical or biological changes in our bodies, our environment through checking air quality or pollution levels and they can contribute towards a more sustainable future. Polymer-based sensors are the subject of much attention due to their ability to collect molecules on their flexible sensory surfaces. However, most petroleum-based polymers are not renewable, leading to problems of waste-disposal. By using renewable materials, such as paper, cotton or starch, these problems can be overcome. This book reviews the current state-of-play in renewable-material-based chemical sensors and biosensors, and suggests applications in industry, environment and biomedicine.

 There are two traditional views of the role of intellectual property (IP) within the field of innovation management: in innovation management research, as an indicator or proxy for innovation inputs or outputs, e.g. patents or licensing income; or in innovation management practice, as a means of protecting knowledge. Exploiting Intellectual Property to Promote Innovation and Create Value argues that whilst both of these perspectives are useful, neither capture the full potential contribution of intellectual property in innovation management research and practice.The management of IP has become a central challenge in current strategies of Open Innovation and Business Model Innovation, but there is relatively little empirical work available. Theoretical arguments and empirical research suggest that from both an innovation policy and management perspective, the challenge is to use IP to encourage risk-taking and innovation, and that a broader repertoire of strategies is necessary to create and capture the economic and social benefits of innovation. This book identifies how intellectual property can be harnessed to create and capture value through exploiting new opportunities for innovation. It is organized around three related themes: public policies for IP; firm strategies for IP; and creating value from IP, and offers insights from the latest research on IP strategies and practices to create and capture the economic and social benefits of innovation.

 Cryptands were introduced by Jean-Marie Lehn in 1969 as cage-shaped selective ligands for alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions, which lie at the heart of supramolecular chemistry. This book reports on much of the research in the field since the '70s, and looks at, amongst other topics, metal coordination chemistry, anion coordination chemistry, the encapsulation and taming of reactive anions, the formation of cascade complexes and the design of fluorescent sensors for ionic analytes.Cryptands and Cryptates has been written as a coursebook, structured as a series of lectures for graduate students or advanced researchers in chemistry, materials science, chemical biology and nanotechnology. It is fully illustrated to show experiments and results, and is intended to stimulate further interest in this fertile field of supramolecular chemistry.Chapters are preceded by a Foreword by Jean-Marie Lehn.

Since the pioneering work scholars such as Joseph Schumpeter and Peter Drucker, the fields of innovation and entrepreneurship have evolved to become two separate and distinct disciplines. Schumpeter 1 focused on the contributions of entrepreneurial startups and smaller firms, whereas Schumpeter 2 emphasized the role of formal research, development and industrial innovation in larger firms. Unfortunately, the study and practice of each field has suffered as a result: entrepreneurship has become preoccupied with individual entrepreneurs and small business creation, and innovation is dominated by corporate R&D and new product development.Promoting Innovation in New Ventures and Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) aims to bridge these two fields by examining innovation in new ventures and SMEs. This book identifies themes which can reunite the study and practice of entrepreneurship and innovation by examining a potentially bridging phenomenon. The focus here is on high growth, innovative SMEs, and the interactions between SMEs and larger organizations, private and public. It is organized around three overlapping themes: SME innovation performance, practices and networks.

Cardiac problems in athletic individuals are rare, but when they occur can be devastating. This book provides a definitive review of current practice and thinking surrounding the often difficult and life-changing practice of sports cardiology. Topics which remain a challenge for practitioners, athletes and families are investigated, including cardiovascular screening, exercise participation prescription, and prevention strategies for sudden cardiac arrest. Also given are guidelines for diagnosis, management and prevention of specific cardiac illnesses.This second edition includes new information on a number of key issues surrounding modern sports and cardiology, including the athlete at altitude, heat stress in athletes, exercise aspects of swimming and diving and ergogenics in the cardiac care of athletes. Additionally, further details are given on new research related to sports and exercise for individuals with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, advanced echocardiography in athletes and non-compaction cardiomyopathy.Building on the first edition, Exercise and Sports Cardiology (2nd Edition) provides cardiologists, physicians, coaches, trainers and medical students and researchers with a comprehensive go-to reference for modern day concerns in the expanding field of sports cardiology research and treatment.

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) might be one of the most impressive effects to demonstrate the power of plasmonic approaches in spectroscopy and became one of the "triggers" for the rapidly emerging field of plasmonics.This book provides a review of some recent developments in SERS, such as tip enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), reports new experimental observations, sophisticated new SERS-active structures and substrates, new theoretical insight to explain the effect as well as exciting applications in various fields such as analytical science, biomedicine and nanotechnology.Written for graduate students and established researchers looking for inspiration for future work, its interdisciplinary nature makes the book suitable for readers in the fields of chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, nanotechnology and materials science.

Megacities of over 10 million inhabitants are unique entities in their own right, both challenging and supporting the policies, governance and cohesion of states.

 The emergence of quantum mechanics from classical world mechanics is now a well-established theme in mathematical physics. This book demonstrates that quantum mechanics can indeed be viewed as a refinement of Hamiltonian mechanics, and builds on the work of George Mackey in relation to their mathematical foundations. Additionally when looking at the differences with classical mechanics, quantum mechanics crucially depends on the value of Planck's constant h. Recent cosmological observations tend to indicate that not only the fine structure constant α but also h might have varied in both time and space since the Big Bang. We explore the mathematical and physical consequences of a variation of h; surprisingly we see that a decrease of h leads to transitions from the quantum to the classical.Emergence of the Quantum from the Classical provides help to undergraduate and graduate students of mathematics, physics and quantum theory looking to advance into research in the field.

The use of bibliometrics for the analysis of technology management is on the rise in our increasingly technological societies. Many are using these tools to document or record the rise of various technologies, making it necessary to take stock of the value and application of scientometric methods and their measures.Innovation Discovery shows the current state of play within the field of management of technology, and discusses how we can use networks to explore, understand and generate theory around the innovation process. It looks at the different streams of analysis used to understand bibliometric data, and presents alternative and novel ways of applying these techniques.Written as a comprehensive review of approaches by leading researchers in the field, this book is suitable for graduate and post-graduate students and researches looking to expand their knowledge and embark on further investigations in technology management.

 This book provides a comprehensive overview of the full spectrum of benign oesophageal disorders with an emphasis on surgical approaches. There are now new, sophisticated diagnostic methods and endoscopic treatment modalities which represent the high level of innovation within the field. These innovations are assimilated here through evidence-based chapters, written by practitioners and experts in their specific subjects. Some of the topics include gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's oesophagus, oesophageal motility disorders, oesophageal diverticula, oesophageal caustic injuries, and discussion of minimally invasive surgery.This comprehensive, practical overview is suitable not only for medical students or residents interested in gastroenterology and gastroenterological surgery, but also for clinicians and practitioners.