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Founded in 1985 by Jean-Claude Falmagne and Jean-Paul Doignon, Knowledge Structure Theory (KST) constitutes a rigorous and current mathematical theory for the representation and the assessment of human knowledge. The seminal work of these authors initiated a highly active research strand with an ever-growing literature, mostly scattered across various technical journals.Starting from a concise but comprehensive introduction to its foundations, this volume provides a state-of-the-art review of KST. For the first time the volume brings together the most important theoretical developments and extensions of the last decade and presents new areas of application beyond education, with contributions by key researchers in the field.Among the important advances covered by this book are (1) a comprehensive treatment of probabilistic models in KST; (2) polytomous extensions of the theory; (3) KST-based psychological diagnostics and neuropsychological assessment; (4) the representation and assessment of cognitive skills in problem solving, as well as procedural skills. In addition, this book also includes an overview of available software for the application of KST.

This unique comprehensive compendium provides extensive studies on reversible cellular automata (RCAs), exhibiting a wide range of interesting phenomena similar to the Game-of-Life, a well-known irreversible CA.The useful reference text also introduces innovative approaches to constructing universal computers in a reversible cellular space. Numerous figures are included to illustrate the evolution of RCA configurations, and to elucidate theoretical results on RCAs. Additionally, readers can observe evolution processes of various RCAs on the free CA simulator Golly using supplementary files.

Guest-edited by Dr Michel Meyer (CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon) and Prof. Demetrio Milea (Università degli Studi di Messina), Emerging Analytical Techniques for Chemical Speciation Studies focuses on a selection of valuable instrumental methods for investigating complex formation equilibria in solution, providing information on the speciation (stoichiometry and in some instances structure of the formed species) but also allowing the measurement of thermodynamic parameters (equilibrium constants, reaction enthalpy and entropy). The title is split into two volumes belonging to the Series on Chemistry, Energy and the Environment. Part 1 (Volume 15 of this series), discusses various electrochemical, electromigration, and thermophoresis-based methods. Authored by eminent practitioners in their field, each of the four chapters covers both the theoretical and the practical aspects with helpful experimental guidelines. The latest technical and computational advances are described in a way that unambiguously show the major contributions of the authors at the top of their field. Hence, this book is intended to be a valuable introduction to newcomers, while being at the same time a helpful companion to more experienced users of each instrumental techniques. It provides an up-to-date overview with useful tips and hints on the application of selected cutting-edge analytical methods that allow unravelling and modelling intricate complex formation equilibria. So far, there has been no such book focussing specifically on the measurement of thermodynamic parameters, while covering such a wide panel of techniques. This book will be of interest to a broad readership, including analytical, coordination, supramolecular, environmental, instrumental, and physical chemists, radiochemists, electrochemists, and biochemists among others.

Human Resource Management in Singapore - The Complete Guide covers a wide spectrum of human resource management topics in five volumes: Employment Management, Work and Remuneration, Employee Benefits, Performance and Development, and Employee Conduct and Relations. In every chapter, the WHY, WHAT and HOW are presented lucidly. The books are a must-have GPS for any human resource practitioner in Singapore. Students, academics and bosses into human resource management as well as overseas human resource practitioners will also find the books helpful and instructive.Volume B on Work and Remuneration deals with regulatory provisions and practices on working hours and payments for overtime and work on rest days and public holidays. The primary takeaway is a comprehensive cover of salary design using the principles of pay positioning and pay mix. Salary instruments including salary ranges, increments, allowances, fixed and variable bonuses, sales commission and gainsharing incentive plans are explained. Readers are guided through salary interventions such as salary adjustments, deductions and cuts, as well as salary survey and benchmarking, and salary administration and governance. The last chapter discusses how to manage and raise the wages of lower-wage workers, a very pertinent topic in Singapore. This volume will equip readers with salary concepts, insights and practical pointers to design and manage a salary blend that will support an organisation's talent strategy.

Complex Analytic Geometry is a subject that could be termed, in short, as the study of the sets of common zeros of complex analytic functions. It has a long history and is closely related to many other fields of Mathematics and Sciences, where numerous applications have been found, including a recent one in the Sato hyperfunction theory.This book is concerned with, among others, local invariants that arise naturally in Complex Analytic Geometry and their relations with global invariants of the manifold or variety. The idea is to look at them as residues associated with the localization of some characteristic classes. Two approaches are taken for this - topological and differential geometric - and the combination of the two brings out further fruitful results. For this, on one hand, we present detailed description of the Alexander duality in combinatorial topology. On the other hand, we give a thorough presentation of the ¿ech-de Rham cohomology and integration theory on it. This viewpoint provides us with the way for clearer and more precise presentations of the central concepts as well as fundamental and important results that have been treated only globally so far. It also brings new perspectives into the subject and leads to further results and applications.The book starts off with basic material and continues by introducing characteristic classes via both the obstruction theory and the Chern-Weil theory, explaining the idea of localization of characteristic classes and presenting the aforementioned invariants and relations in a unified way from this perspective. Various related topics are also discussed. The expositions are carried out in a self-containing manner and includes recent developments. The profound consequences of this subject will make the book useful for students and researchers in fields as diverse as Algebraic Geometry, Complex Analytic Geometry, Differential Geometry, Topology, Singularity Theory, Complex Dynamical Systems, Algebraic Analysis and Mathematical Physics.

Corresponding to the link of Itô's stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and linear parabolic equations, distribution dependent SDEs (DDSDEs) characterize nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations. This type of SDEs is named after McKean-Vlasov due to the pioneering work of H P McKean (1966), where an expectation dependent SDE is proposed to characterize nonlinear PDEs for Maxwellian gas. Moreover, by using the propagation of chaos for Kac particle systems, weak solutions of DDSDEs are constructed as weak limits of mean field particle systems when the number of particles goes to infinity, so that DDSDEs are also called mean-field SDEs. To restrict a DDSDE in a domain, we consider the reflection boundary by following the line of A V Skorohod (1961).This book provides a self-contained account on singular SDEs and DDSDEs with or without reflection. It covers well-posedness and regularities for singular stochastic differential equations; well-posedness for singular reflected SDEs; well-posedness of singular DDSDEs; Harnack inequalities and derivative formulas for singular DDSDEs; long time behaviors for DDSDEs; DDSDEs with reflecting boundary; and killed DDSDEs.

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids, the nonlinear upconversion of coherent radiation resulting from the interaction of a strong and short laser pulse with bulk matter, has come of age. Since the seminal experiments and theoretical developments, there has been a constant and vibrant interest in this topic. In this book, we invite experimental and theoretical experts in the field with the aim to summarize the progress made so far and propose new possibilities and prospects for the generation of high-order harmonics using solid samples. Nowadays, it is possible to engineer, both spatially and temporally with nanometric and attosecond resolution, the driven fields. This could bring solid HHG to the next exciting frontier as novel and fully tunable table-top coherent sources.

The main objective of this book is to provide insights into recent advances in distributed intelligent circuits, systems and their applications. Distributed intelligence is the key enabler for innovations in machine-to-machine communications. The innovations are directed towards keeping existing algorithms as the base and developing new intelligent systems by employing smart technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) and, more specifically, deep learning (DL) are receiving significant attention in assisting doctors in the detection of disease patterns without much human intervention. In agriculture, robots automate slow, repetitive and dull tasks, allowing farmers to focus more on improving overall production yields.The evolving trends point to the interface of artificial intelligence with machines being a factor in enhancing the decision-making capabilities of smart machines. This book provides relevant theoretical frameworks that include basic models, algorithms, circuit designs and the latest developments in experimental aspects in the field of distributed intelligence systems for industrial applications. The challenges encountered in the development of models for distributed intelligence systems for environmental monitoring are mitigated with artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning. This book identifies challenges and helps in applying solutions in the development of advanced intelligent systems for environmental monitoring.

In this book, the study of strategic risk is not only for its control and mitigation using analytics and digital transformation in organizations, but also it is about the strategic risks that digital transformation can bring to organizations. Strategic risk control is one of the goals in creating intelligent organizations and at the same time it is part of the appetite for creating smarter organizations to support organizations' development. Knowledge that is created by data analytics and the capacity to operationalize that knowledge through digital transformation can produce potential sustainable competitive advantages.The core of the volume is connecting data analytics and artificial intelligence, risk management and digitalization to create strategic intelligence as the capacity of adaptation that organizations need to compete and to succeed. Strategic intelligence is a symbiotic work of artificial intelligence, business intelligence and competitive intelligence. Strategic risk is represented by the probability of having variations in the performance results of the organizations that can limit their capacity to maintain sustainable competitive advantages. There is an emphasis in the book about the conversion of models that support data analytics into actions to mitigate strategic risk based on digital transformation.This book reviews the steps that organizations have taken in using technology that connects the data analytics modeling process and digital operations, such as the shift from the use of statistical learning and machine learning for data analytics to the improvement and use of new technologies. The digitalization process is a potential opportunity for organizations however the results are not necessarily good for everyone. Hence, organizations implement strategic risk control in cloud computing, blockchain, artificial intelligence and create digital networks that are connected internally and externally to deal with internal and external customers, with suppliers and buyers, and with competitors and substitutes. The new risks appear once new knowledge emerges and is in use, but at the same time the new knowledge supports the initiatives to deal with risks arising from novel ways of competing and collaborating.

"This book integrates the current research on diversity, equity, and inclusion with corporate practice and describes how these initiatives affect organizations' morale, performance, and output. Academic researchers, corporate executives tasked with implementing Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DEI), and regulators face the problem of balancing DEI initiatives, which could generate diverse ideas beneficial to the organization, with concerns about diluting meritocracy. Building a diverse workforce could improve both organizational well-being and social harmony. Research has shown that building a diverse workforce often results in communication and coordination issues and unjustified pay and performance gaps, engendering feelings of exclusion among diverse individuals. The book describes how organizations address these issues in various settings ranging from accounting firms to health care providers. It covers settings with gender and racial diversities and clarifies the difference between equality and equity. Its coverage includes dealing with concealable disabilities and promoting equity across diverse populations in organizational and social settings"--

Asia is not only the largest producer of important food items like rice and vegetable oil, but also the largest importer of commodities like soybeans and corn. Additionally, more than half the world's population lives in Asia and thus the largest number of food insecure people are also in Asia. Food security is therefore a matter of paramount importance in Asia.This is the only book of its kind that will explore the range of important issues affecting food security in Asia since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Highlights include discussions on the current state of production on food of vital importance to Asia such as rice, vegetable and fish, as well as information on their future trends in production and consumption. Two case studies are presented on how the two most populous countries in Asia - China and India - have tackled their food security. Topics which are an integral part of food security and not often addressed in a food security book include nutrition security, novel foods and food waste valorization. This is also the only book about Asian food security which will include specific chapters on the technologies that are likely to determine the future of food security in Asia, as exemplified by digital technology, biotechnology, physical technology like recirculating aquaculture systems, nutrition enhancing technology, and urban agriculture.Organized into four themes, the issues captured here are of special importance to Asian decision makers in policy, research, development, investment and education in the "new normal" post-pandemic. As Asia is inextricably linked to the global food and trading systems, Food Security Issues in Asia will also be of interest to those outside the Asian region who need to understand Asian food security.

This book provides a practical, simple, and practitioner's framework 'Return on Expectations' (ROE) for measuring the effectiveness, impact, and ROI of large-scale, complex, technical training programs effortlessly.

This book presents a set of low-cost physics experiments, making use of the new technologies available (data collection and analysis systems by computers, Internet, video, commercial electronics, smartphones, etc.), while highlighting the methodological aspects of physics and science in general. The projects are aimed at university students of science and engineering, although some may be used in high schools.The experiments would enable students to answer the questions: How do we know this? Why do we believe in that? These questions illustrate the nature of scientific thinking process.This book is complemented by the site www.fisicarecreativa.com, where several of the projects presented here were carried out by students from different universities. We hope it can be used as an innovative STEM learning tools.

Methylene blue (MB) is a biocompatible and environmentally friendly material that has been widely used in clinical and biomedical research fields for over a century. In addition, it also has wide applications in other fields, such as dyeing and finishing industry, aquaculture industry, photocatalysis and food industry.This landmark publication is unique as it covers MB-mediated in vivo fluorescence, photoacoustic imaging and light-induced cancer therapy. The optical properties and photothermal effect of MB are also systematically described.

This volume reflects the contributions stemming from the conference Analytic and Combinatorial Number Theory: The Legacy of Ramanujan which took place at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign on June 6-9, 2019. The conference included 26 plenary talks, 71 contributed talks, and 170 participants. As was the case for the conference, this book is in honor of Bruce C Berndt and in celebration of his mathematics and his 80th birthday.Along with a number of papers previously appearing in Special Issues of the International Journal of Number Theory, the book collects together a few more papers, a biography of Bruce by Atul Dixit and Ae Ja Yee, a preface by George Andrews, a gallery of photos from the conference, a number of speeches from the conference banquet, the conference poster, a list of Bruce's publications at the time this volume was created, and a list of the talks from the conference.

Human Resource Management in Singapore - The Complete Guide covers a wide spectrum of human resource management topics in five volumes: Employment Management, Work and Remuneration, Employee Benefits, Performance and Development, and Employee Conduct and Relations. In every chapter, the WHY, WHAT and HOW are presented lucidly. The books are a must-have GPS for any human resource practitioner in Singapore. Students, academics and bosses into human resource management as well as overseas human resource practitioners will also find the books helpful and instructive.Volume A on Employment Management explains the differences between contract of service and contract for service and the various types of employment and engagement of services, including permanent employment, term contract, re-employment, part-time employment and casual work. Key employment terms including probation, notice period and non-compete agreements are discussed. A clear execution guide is given on recruitment and selection, as well as managing the different forms of employment exit, including resignation, contract expiry, contractual termination, dismissal due to misconduct, vacation of office, frustration of contract, retirement, retrenchment and medical boarding out. Staff transfer and secondment, as well as legal transfer of employment are also covered. Readers will find the 11 chapters easily comprehensible and packed with invaluable insights to guide them to make good decisions on manpower resourcing and managing employment.

Biden and Beyond: The United States Rethinks South Asia captures the significant transitions unfolding in the US policy towards South Asia. Developed across two administrations, led by Donald Trump and Joe Biden, the US' South Asia policy has moved away from more than four decades of focus on Afghanistan, especially after the military withdrawal from Afghanistan in August 2021, to now viewing the region through the Indo-Pacific prism. The military withdrawal has also undermined the US' long-standing strategic partnership with Pakistan that was viewed as the frontline state in dealing with the turmoil in Afghanistan. This has substantially altered Washington's geopolitical perspective of the South Asian subcontinent.Furthermore, the rising concerns in Washington on China have seen the formulation of an Indo-Pacific strategy that has elevated India to the top of US strategic priorities. The deepening tensions between China and the US, as well as between Beijing and Delhi, have set the stage for a new strategic partnership between Washington and Delhi. Amidst Washington's competition with Beijing, the Himalayan region girding the underbelly of China has acquired an importance of its own. The maritime perspective of the US has also raised the value of the subcontinent's waters and provided an incentive for Washington to turn new attention to the strategic islands of the Maldives and Sri Lanka.Taken together, these factors presage a transformation in the interaction between the US and the South Asian subcontinent in the coming years. This book, hence, brings into the conversation these recent changes and sheds new light on contemporary US-South Asia relations.

This book examines the history of the military comfort women system in China. It aims to give readers a deeper insight into the origin, establishment, and operations of comfort stations, as well as tell the sufferings of comfort women, many of whom were coerced into service. It does so by providing historical evidence gathered over 25 years of field studies from 172 comfort stations which were operated in Shanghai, which once had the largest number of military comfort stations, during the Japanese occupation.

This book aims to present an introduction to numerical modeling of different aspects of large-scale superconducting applications: electromagnetics, thermal, mechanics and thermo-hydraulics. The importance of computational modeling to advance current superconductor research cannot be overlooked, especially given the enormous benefits provided by superconductors in many human endeavours, including energy generation, medical treatments, and future electrical technologies.Aimed at graduate students, researchers and practitioners in different fields of applied superconductivity, this book consists of four chapters. The chapter on electromagnetics provides a review of the state-of-the-art modeling of electromagnetic phenomena in superconductors, emphasising the theoretical aspects of the different numerical formulations. This is followed by a chapter on thermal effects, dedicated to the simulation of thermal stability and quench in superconducting magnets, with specific examples of magnets used in particle accelerators. Then, the chapter on mechanics provides details of the modeling of forces and stresses in cables composed of second-generation high-temperature superconducting wires. Finally, the chapter on thermo-hydraulics focuses on the fundamental thermal-hydraulic aspects involved in the cooling of superconducting magnets, with special reference to the issues related to the forced-flow cooling.