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Hyperidentities are important formulae of second-order logic, and research in hyperidentities paves way for the study of second-order logic and second-order model theory.This book illustrates many important current trends and perspectives for the field of hyperidentities and their applications, of interest to researchers in modern algebra and discrete mathematics. It covers a number of directions, including the characterizations of the Boolean algebra of n-ary Boolean functions and the distributive lattice of n-ary monotone Boolean functions; the classification of hyperidentities of the variety of lattices, the variety of distributive (modular) lattices, the variety of Boolean algebras, and the variety of De Morgan algebras; the characterization of algebras with aforementioned hyperidentities; the functional representations of finitely-generated free algebras of various varieties of lattices and bilattices via generalized Boolean functions (De Morgan functions, quasi-De Morgan functions, super-Boolean functions, super-De Morgan functions, etc); the structural results for De Morgan algebras, Boole-De Morgan algebras, super-Boolean algebras, bilattices, among others.While problems of Boolean functions theory are well known, the present book offers alternative, more general problems, involving the concepts of De Morgan functions, quasi-De Morgan functions, super-Boolean functions, and super-De Morgan functions, etc. In contrast to other generalized Boolean functions discovered and investigated so far, these functions have clearly normal forms. This quality is of crucial importance for their applications in pure and applied mathematics, especially in discrete mathematics, quantum computation, quantum information theory, quantum logic, and the theory of quantum computers.

This comprehensive book evaluates the development status, application scenarios, and future trends of China's transportation technology, with a focus on the progress and breakthroughs made in the development of China's transportation technology, the development trend of new technologies, and the impact on transportation.The unique reference text benefits practitioners, leaders and managers in the transportation industry, transportation researchers, transportation engineers, and transportation technicians.

This book describes the application of ultrafast laser science and technology in materials and processing relevant to industry today, including ultrafast laser ablation where fundamental studies have led to the development of the world's first femtosecond photomask repair tool. Semiconductor manufacturing companies worldwide use the tool to repair photomask defects, saving hundreds of millions in production costs. The most up-to-date ultrafast laser technologies are described and methods to generate high harmonics for photoelectron spectroscopy of industrially important materials are covered, with an emphasis on practical laboratory implementation. Basic device physics merged with photoemission studies from single- and polycrystalline materials are described. Extensions to new methods for extracting key device properties of metal-oxide-semiconductor structures, including band offsets, effective work functions, semiconductor band bending and defect-related charging in a number of technologically important gate oxides are detailed. Polycrystalline photovoltaic materials and heterostructures as well as organic light emitting materials are covered. This book describes both the history, and most recent applications of ultrafast laser science to industrially relevant materials, processes and devices.

This book provides a conceptual introduction into the representation theory of local and global groups, with final emphasis on automorphic representations of reductive groups G over number fields F.Our approach to automorphic representations differs from the usual literature: We do not consider "K-finite" automorphic forms, but we allow a richer class of smooth functions of uniform moderate growth. Contrasting the usual approach, our space of "smooth-automorphic forms" is intrinsic to the group scheme G/F.This setup also covers the advantage that a perfect representation-theoretical symmetry between the archimedean and non-archimedean places of the number field F is regained, by making the bigger space of smooth-automorphic forms into a proper, continuous representation of the full group of adelic points of G.Graduate students and researchers will find the covered topics appear for the first time in a book, where the theory of smooth-automorphic representations is robustly developed and presented in great detail.

As mobile devices continue becoming a larger part of our lives, the development of location acquisition technologies to track moving objects have focused the minds of researchers on issues ranging from longitude and latitude coordinates, speed, direction, and timestamping, as part of parameters needed to calculate the positional information and locations of objects, in terms of time and position in the form of trajectory streams. Recently, recent advances have facilitated various urban applications such as smart transportation and mobile delivery services.Unlike other books on spatial databases, mobile computing, data mining, or computing with spatial trajectories, this book is focused on smart transportation applications.This book is a good reference for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, researchers, and system developers working on transportation systems.

Compiled to illustrate the recent history of Quantum Field Theory and its trends, this collection of selected reprints by Jürg Fröhlich, a leading theoretician in the field, is a comprehensive guide of the more mathematical aspects of the subject. Results and methods of the past fifteen years are reviewed. The analytical methods employed are non-perturbative and, for the larger part, mathematically rigorous. Most articles are review articles surveying certain important developments in quantum field theory and guiding the reader towards the original literature.The volume begins with a comprehensive introduction by Jürg Fröhlich.The theory of phase transitions and continuous symmetry breaking is reviewed in the first section. The second section discusses the non-perturbative quantization of topological solitons. The third section is devoted to the study of gauge fields. A paper on the triviality of ¿¿4 - theory in four and more dimensions is found in the fourth section, while the fifth contains two articles on "random geometry". The sixth and final part addresses topics in low-dimensional quantum field theory, including braid statistics, two-dimensional conformal field theory and an application to condensed matter theory.

The rapid rise of emerging economies has produced deep-ranging changes in the global order during recent decades. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the bipolar confrontation of the Cold War seemed to be replaced by a universalized model of political liberalism and economic neo-liberalism. In recent years, however, rising nationalism and protectionism indicate the end of unfettered globalization, a looming crisis of liberal democracy, and a return to ideologies of "systemic competition", especially vis-a-vis China.Against this background, this volume takes a fresh look at the evolution of governance models in Western and non-Western civilizations - Africa, India, China, and the Muslim world in particular. These models have been largely self-contained and without intensive interaction for a long time. In the wake of globalization, systems, ideologies, and political values have become part of global discourse, eventually turning into what Samuel Huntington called a "clash of civilizations."The chapters in this volume offer perspectives on the diversity of civilizations of governance as a base for a new multilateralism in the global context. The contributions explore relevant theoretical concepts of transnational governance, law, and multiple modernity. The empirical focus is on analyzing different governance systems in non-Western civilizations and Europe, including national states and transnational institutions, traditions, and networks.The volume assembles papers presented at the 2019 International Conference of the Institute of Public Policy at South China University of Technology in Guangzhou, China. The contributions and the introductory framework have been updated to reflect the unexpected and unprecedented challenges from the coronavirus pandemic and the related economic and social crises.

This book summarizes the recent development of nuclear science as an important part of mesoscopic physics, the intermediate world between the macroscopic and microscopic. This fast developing area with many practical applications includes complex atoms, molecules (including biological), nuclei, small-scale solid state systems, and future quantum computers. The complexity of the problem appears due to the richness of problems, from the necessity to study individual quantum levels, to the fundamental features of statistics and thermodynamics.

One-Cocycles and Knot Invariants is about classical knots, i.e., smooth oriented knots in 3-space. It introduces discrete combinatorial analysis in knot theory in order to solve a global tetrahedron equation. This new technique is then used to construct combinatorial 1-cocycles in a certain moduli space of knot diagrams. The construction of the moduli space makes use of the meridian and the longitude of the knot. The combinatorial 1-cocycles are therefore lifts of the well-known Conway polynomial of knots, and they can be calculated in polynomial time. The 1-cocycles can distinguish loops consisting of knot diagrams in the moduli space up to homology. They give knot invariants when they are evaluated on canonical loops in the connected components of the moduli space. They are a first candidate for numerical knot invariants which can perhaps distinguish the orientation of knots.

This book is a collection of works that represent the recent advancements in computational and mathematical methods applied to population dynamics. It concentrates on both development of new tools as well as on innovative use of existing tools to obtain new understanding of biological systems. The volume introduces new state-of-the-art techniques for defining and solving numerically control problems in mathematical biology in which the control appears linearly. Such problems produce simpler optimal controls that can be implemented in practice. The book further develops tools for fitting multi-scale models to multi-scale data and studying the practical identifiability of the parameters from multi-scale data. Novel model of Zika with Wolbahia infection in mosquitoes suggests that the most suitable control strategy to control Zika in the absence of Wolbahia is killing mosquitoes but the most suitable strategy when mosquitoes are Wolbahia infected is the treatment of humans.A completely novel methodology of developing discrete-continuous hybrid models of multi-species interactions is also introduced together with avantgarde techniques for discrete-continuous hybrid models analysis. A mathematical model leads to new observations of the within-host virus dynamics and its interplay with the immune responses. In particular, it is observed that the parameters promoting CTL responses need to be boosted over parameters promoting antibody production to obtain a biologically relevant steady state. A novel stochastic model of COVID-19 investigates quarantine and lock down as important strategies for control and elimination of COVID-19.

Regarded by many as a dead or simply dull subject, Change and Challenge in Human Structure - Sixty Years On shatters this prejudice with a series of studies that go beyond dissection and measurement and covers novel approaches to anatomical form. Award-winning anatomist Charles Oxnard takes us on an exhilarating ride: beginning with rudimentary dissections and the fascinating observation of 'missing muscles', we are led on naturally to statistical analysis of bone measurements and how they may give information about bone function. Engineering methods and pattern recognition are introduced next, as a means of studying the external shape and internal structure of bones, respectively, and their relation to mechanical function. The application of landmark analysis to anatomy, also known as geometric morphometrics, is given a full chapter treatment. Finally, Oxnard uses modelling techniques to skilfully lay out an argument for the uniqueness of human brains and new possibilities in human evolutionary theories, both past and future. This book offers nothing less than a paradigm shift in our understanding of one of the oldest fields of science, and leads us into new views of the functional, developmental, behavioural, genetic and evolutionary implications of anatomical studies.

Written by an international group of experts and endorsed by leading scientists, this multi-author book answers two of today's most pressing questions: the origin of the virus and the consequences of lockdown. Aimed at the general reader as well as at researchers and medical doctors, its span includes previously suppressed data on the origin of the virus, the development of novel mRNA vaccines, the case for a Swedish type of mild lockdown, and analyses of social and political issues thrown up by the pandemic. Evaluating a Pandemic is an incisive account of how civilisation grappled with the greatest world crisis since WWII. Join Charles Pasternak and his authors as they sketch a future of health, equity, and hope.

This book explores various issues and challenges emanating from the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines how governments worldwide have dealt with the pandemic. Post-COVID-19 and its disruptive impact on social and economic life as well as public and political attitudes, the world is not the same. A new normal has dawned in public management and public services, with immense implications. This volume collects the lessons drawn from the pandemic, notably how crisis leadership and public governance were used to combat the crisis, as well as which aspects were helpful in that regard.This book covers a total of 17 countries and regions, namely: Japan, South Korea, Singapore, China (Mainland), Hong Kong, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand, Italy, The Netherlands, the Nordic Countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland), the UK and US. Special attention is drawn to China (Mainland) in particular, where the pandemic first broke out. Its subsequent efforts in suppressing the epidemic have been quite stunning. The range enables good international comparisons to be made in crisis leadership, response strategies and effectiveness across continents, systems, and cultures (East Asia, Oceania, Europe and North America). While the pandemic is still ongoing by the time the book is finalized, the experience gained over more than two years has provided good ground for lesson drawing.

One of the key issues the world grappled with during COVID-19 was the distributional implications of lockdowns globally. The shadow of lockdown policies continues when nations still try to emerge out of the pandemic. Heterogeneity herein over time, country and even within nations in policy making resulted in unintended consequences and debates between citizens, scientists, policy makers and civil society. Responses to COVID-19 meanwhile tried to balance a long run approach which involved the health sector, built on an innovation-oriented mindset and kept in mind the broader economic implications of policy decisions for the future.Flattening the Curve is an effort to summarize these learnings from COVID-19, especially for future pandemics in this age of zoonotic diseases and the Anthropocene. Assembling scholars, scientists, innovators and entrepreneurs from across a variety of fields, this edited volume brings an interdisciplinary understanding to how the world can better respond socially to pandemics. It should be of immense value for students, scholars, policy makers and researchers in public policy, global health, economics, science and innovation policy, as well as regulation and business.