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In the existing reports on national competitiveness and rankings such as IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook and WEF Global Competitiveness Report, there are sizable discrepancies in the ranking order for the same countries. As a result, the reader is often confused because such an outcome creates difficulties for government officials when translating these findings into real-world policies. These discrepancies are actually due to the differences in logic and analytical models used by IMD and WEF. Therefore, in recognizing the problems and limitations of these models, this book presents the IPS model as a new approach. As an extension of Michael Porter's diamond model, it demonstrates a robust set of methodologies as well as offers a number of key policy implications for countries around the world that wish to enhance their national competitiveness.The analytical tools used in this book can be further utilized for other units of analysis such as industries and firms. As this book provides a series of sophisticated methodologies and specific guidelines for enhancing national competitiveness, both academics and practitioners can derive useful implications from this research. Alongside the theoretical frameworks and methodologies for national competitiveness presented in this book, timely topics are included such as the COVID-19 global pandemic and the US-China trade war. This book also includes various country-specific real-world cases that are assessed from the perspective of both developed and developing countries.

His life thrown into chaos by the death of his father in his youth, Linus Pauling persevered through an impoverished childhood to become one of the great scientists and humanitarians of the 20th century. In a stunningly original examination of the two-time Nobel Laureate, Oregon State University archivist Chris Petersen touches upon the major eras of Pauling's life and dials into specific episodes, themes, accomplishments, and failures at a level of detail that has not been put forth elsewhere. Topics exclusively covered here include Pauling's generative process as author of the groundbreaking text The Nature of the Chemical Bond; the colorful history of the Linus Pauling Institute; his symbiotic relationship with the W H Freeman & Co. publishing house; two entirely separate clashes with the United States Senate and the Soviet Academy of Science; and the story of his brilliant and troubled son Peter. Interspersed throughout the book are light pieces that narrate humorous moments in Pauling's life and other vignettes that lend insight into his seemingly maverick personality. The culmination of 15 years of research, Visions of Linus Pauling is a magisterial piece of work, equivalent to previously unseen footage of a blockbuster movie.The Pauling Blog: https: //paulingblog.wordpress.com/2022/11/03/we-wrote-a-book/

Quantum hydrodynamics comes from superfluid, superconductivity, semiconductor and so on. Quantum hydrodynamic model describes Helium II superfluid, Bose-Einstein condensation in inert gas, dissipative perturbation of Hamilton-Jacobi system, amplitude and dissipative perturbation of Eikonal quantum wave and so on. Owing to the broad application of quantum hydrodynamic equations, the study of the quantum hydrodynamic equations has aroused the concern of more and more scholars. Based on the above facts, we collected and collated the data of quantum hydrodynamic equations, and studied the concerning mathematical problems.The main contents of this book are: the derivation and mathematical models of quantum hydrodynamic equations, global existence of weak solutions to the compressible quantum hydrodynamic equations, existence of finite energy weak solutions of inviscid quantum hydrodynamic equations, non-isentropic quantum Navier-Stokes equations with cold pressure, boundary problem of compressible quantum Euler-Poisson equations, asymptotic limit to the bipolar quantum hydrodynamic equations.

This unique compendium highlights the theory of computation, particularly logic and automata theory. Special emphasis is on computer science applications including loop invariants, program correctness, logic programming and algorithmic proof techniques.This innovative volume differs from standard textbooks, by building on concepts in a different order, using fewer theorems with simpler proofs. It has added many new examples, problems and answers. It can be used as an undergraduate text at most universities.

What are we humans, and how did we become the high technology species? What would be our legacy? What is the ultimate meaning of life? Many of these questions are still waiting for full and complete answers and explanations.For thousands of years humans have pondered the fundamental questions about origin, existence and reality, and also about mind, consciousness, communication and social issues. In this day and age when advancing technology is quickly transforming our societies and our ways of life, these questions are more important than ever, not only in the theoretical sense, but also in practice. We have to understand what has happened, and what is happening.For the first time in the history, technology has given us powerful means to investigate the phenomena behind the ultimate questions. However, technology is only a tool; the thinking human is still required for the understanding of the world.This book explores these curious topics, beginning from the origin of the Universe to the emergence of life; the evolution from cells to brains; the development of cognitive ability from perception and attention to reasoning and thinking; how we interact with other humans by means of love and emotion; to the creation of thinking machines by weird technology.THIS BOOK presents novel views on these questions and provides explanations and possible answers in an easy-to-read style.

This book is the seventh volume of review chapters on advanced problems of phase transitions and critical phenomena, the former six volumes appeared in 2004, 2007, 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2020. The aim of the book is to provide reviews in those aspects of criticality and related subjects that are currently attracting much attention due to essential new contributions.The book consists of five chapters. They discuss criticality of complex systems, where the new, emergent properties appear via collective behaviour of simple elements as well as historical aspects of studies in the field of critical phenomena. Since all complex systems involve cooperative behaviour between many interconnected components, the field of phase transitions and critical phenomena provides a very natural conceptual and methodological framework for their study.As the first six volumes, this book is based on the review lectures that were given in Lviv (Ukraine) at the "Ising lectures" - a traditional annual workshop on complex systems, phase transitions and critical phenomena which aims to bring together experts in these fields with university students and those who are interested in the subject.

If you are an aspiring entrepreneur or a newly initiated one trying to figure out the path to traverse in the course of an uncertain entrepreneurial journey, then this book is for you. If you are a manager looking to innovate and improve your offerings, you will likely find some useful tips in this book.This book aims to guide entrepreneurs and managers on how to go about identifying business opportunities through innovation. It presents lessons and insights gleaned from original research conducted amongst hundreds of global entrepreneurs, that explored how they went about identifying business opportunities and developing effective business strategies. Besides appropriate business examples from around the world that illustrate some important principles of ideation and execution, we also discuss how companies transform themselves in the face of challenges and difficulties.The book would equip aspiring entrepreneurs and business managers as well as students of entrepreneurship with the necessary skill sets to emerge successful in this turbulent economic climate. Effective tips on identifying potential business opportunities, systematic steps for developing business ideas, as well as strategies for sustaining a business through the adoption of emerging technologies are covered with examples in the book.In this pandemic ridden times, this book would no doubt be a useful resource for entrepreneurs and managers looking to ride out the key challenges and emerge as survivors.

Anyone with an interest in learning about the mathematical modeling of prices of financial derivatives such as bonds, futures, and options can start with this book, whereby the only mathematical prerequisite is multivariable calculus. The necessary theory of interest, statistical, stochastic, and differential equations are developed in their respective chapters, with the goal of making this introductory text as self-contained as possible.In this edition, the chapters on hedging portfolios and extensions of the Black-Scholes model have been expanded. The chapter on optimizing portfolios has been completely re-written to focus on the development of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The binomial model due to Cox-Ross-Rubinstein has been enlarged into a standalone chapter illustrating the wide-ranging utility of the binomial model for numerically estimating option prices. There is a completely new chapter on the pricing of exotic options. The appendix now features linear algebra with sufficient background material to support a more rigorous development of the Arbitrage Theorem.The new edition has more than doubled the number of exercises compared to the previous edition and now contains over 700 exercises. Thus, students completing the book will gain a deeper understanding of the development of modern financial mathematics.

Modeling and simulation (M&S) based systems engineering (MSBSE) is the extension of MBSE, which enhances the value of MBSE and the ability of digitally evaluating and optimizing the whole system through comprehensive applications of M&S technologies. This book puts together the recent research in MSBSE, and hopefully this will provide the researchers and engineers with reference cases in M&S technologies to support the R&D of complex products and systems.

This compendium discusses the adaptive enterprise architecture (AEA) as information to support decisions and actions for desired efficiency and innovation (outcomes and impacts). This comprehensive information-driven approach uses data, analytics, and intelligence (AI/ML) for architecting intelligent enterprises.The unique reference text includes practical artefacts and vivid examples based on both practice and research. It benefits chief information officers, chief data officers, chief enterprise architects, enterprise architects, business architects, information architects, data architects, and anyone who has an interest in adaptive and digital enterprise architecture.

In recent years, discussion on tourism has focused mainly on global problems relating to the over-exploitation of space, leaving other aspects of the development of tourist activities almost completely ignored. The book will focus not only on the widely understood tourist exploitation processes, their geographical diversity and density, but also on their significance and influence (economic, socio-cultural, tourist etc.) on regional development and sustainability. It will also cover the debate on promotion of innovative, sustainable and responsible tourism strategies, plans and funds, and the movement towards responsible and sustainable cultural tourism through the crisis in marginal areas. It will also highlight the dramatic changes to the global tourism industry brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic in recent months.

This book contains a detailed presentation on the theory of two classes of special numbers, perfect numbers, and amicable numbers, as well as some of their generalizations. It also gives a large list of their properties, facts and theorems with full proofs. Perfect and amicable numbers, as well as most classes of special numbers, have many interesting properties, including numerous modern and classical applications as well as a long history connected with the names of famous mathematicians.The theory of perfect and amicable numbers is a part of pure Arithmetic, and in particular a part of Divisibility Theory and the Theory of Arithmetical Functions. Thus, for a perfect number n it holds ¿(n) = 2n, where ¿ is the sum-of-divisors function, while for a pair of amicable numbers (n, m) it holds ¿(n) = ¿(m) = n + m. This is also an important part of the history of prime numbers, since the main formulas that generate perfect numbers and amicable pairs are dependent on the good choice of one or several primes of special form.Nowadays, the theory of perfect and amicable numbers contains many interesting mathematical facts and theorems, alongside many important computer algorithms needed for searching for new large elements of these two famous classes of special numbers.This book contains a list of open problems and numerous questions related to generalizations of the classical case, which provides a broad perspective on the theory of these two classes of special numbers. Perfect and Amicable Numbers can be useful and interesting to both professional and general audiences.

Working capital refers to the money that a company uses to finance its daily operations. Proper management of working capital is critical to financial health and operational success. Working capital management (WCM) aims to maximize operational efficiency by maintaining a delicate balance among growth, profitability, and liquidity. WCM is a continuous responsibility focusing on a firm's day-to-day operations involving short-term assets and liabilities. By efficiently managing a firm's cash, accounts receivable, inventories, and accounts payable, managers can help maintain smooth operations and improve a company's earnings and profitability. By contrast, poor WCM could lead to a lower credit score, financial insolvency, legal troubles, liquidation of assets, and potential bankruptcy.This book provides an objective look into the dynamic world of WCM. Its coverage extends from discussing basic concepts and their applications to increasingly complex and real-world situations. The book stresses that WCM is a combination of both art and science. This volume spans the gamut from theoretical to practical while offering the right balance of detailed and user-friendly coverage. Readers can gain an in-depth understanding of this subject from experts in this field. Those who want a broad survey will benefit, as will readers looking for more in-depth presentations of specific areas within this field of study. In summary, Working Capital Management: Concepts and Strategies provides a fresh look at this intriguing but often complex subject of WCM.

How to design an efficient and cost-effective logistics network? How to plan procurement, production, and transportation to meet customer demand with minimum operating costs? How to sequence jobs through machines for on-time order completion? And how to dispatch vehicles and schedule their routes to serve customers efficiently?Answers to these questions are key to effective and efficient supply chain operations. This book provides a systematic and comprehensive coverage of data-driven optimization modeling techniques and their applications in supply chain management. From the methodological perspective, it introduces various model building techniques including mathematical programming (linear and integer programming), network optimization, and constraint programming. From the application perspective, it covers the topics of supply chain network design, production planning, supply chain configuration, machine scheduling, and vehicle routing, among others. It also introduces the state-of-the-art optimization modeling software, the CPLEX OPL Studio, as a powerful and accessible tool for implementing the modeling techniques and solution methods in this book. Sample codes will be available upon purchase of the book.This book is essential reading material for researchers and students in business, data analytics, industrial engineering, computer science and applied math who would like to learn optimization modeling in the context of supply chains. It is also suitable for practitioners and consultants in industry who would like to understand the behind-the-scene techniques in off-the-shelf commercial optimization software. As a textbook, it can be used for an advanced undergraduate or graduate course in supply chain management, operations management, data analytics, economics, and industrial engineering.

This book focuses on corporate governance and proposes a novel framework for combining the Corporate Governance Framework (CGF) with current corporate finance issues arising in the Contemporary Business Environment (CBE) and cointegrating them with today's business needs. It consists of a good collection of state-of-the-art approaches that will be useful for new researchers and practitioners working in this field, helping them to quickly grasp the current state of corporate governance and corporate financial performance.Good corporate governance is not only important for companies, but also for the society. To begin with, good corporate governance strengthens the public's faith and trust in corporate governance. Legislative processes were developed to protect the society from known threats and prevent problems from occurring or recurring. Recent corporate scandals shed light on the impact that corporations have on social responsibility. The new focus on the corporate governance framework increases the responsibility and accountability of companies to their stakeholders and provides a solid framework for enhancing corporate performance.

Magnetic crystals are ideal systems to study the universal properties of phase transitions, particularly systems with quenched randomness and frustration. Pure systems with different symmetries provide the foundation for studies in corresponding systems with quenched randomness. Because phenomena near phase transitions have universal properties, results from bulk magnetic crystals provide a basis for understanding phase transitions in films and nanoparticles, as well as many non-magnetic materials.This motivates the subject of this book, which discusses phase transitions studies in magnetic crystals from the perspective of an experimentalist who has done extensive work in the field. The advantage is that many experimental techniques are described in sufficient detail for a good understanding of the results and their comparison to theory.