Atrial Septal Defect

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect that affects the septum, the wall separating the upper chambers (atria) of the heart. This defect allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium, causing a range of symptoms and complications. In this chapter, we will explore the different types of ASD, their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.