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In this significant study, Jill Bourne presents the corpus of all 70 surviving Kingston place-names, from Devon to Northumberland, and investigates each one within its historical and landscape context, in an attempt to answer the question, What is a Kingston? She addresses all previous published work on this recurrent place-name, both scholarship with an etymological focus and contextual scholarship which examines the names within their wider context. The core of the work is the hypothesis that names of the type cyninges t¿n or cyning t¿n derive not from independent coinages meaning 'manor/farm/enclosure of a king' in some general sense, or in direct relation to the phrase cyninges t¿n, as it is sometimes assumed in the literature, as an equivalent to villa regia. The study explores connections between Kingstons and the cyninges-t¿ns and villæ regales of the documentary sources; considers the concept and development of early kingship and its possible origins, the laws of the earliest kings, the petty kingdoms, and emergence of the larger kingdoms for which the term Heptarchy was coined (but not used at the time); and pays particular attention to Ancient Wessex, where more than half of the corpus of Kingston names are found, and to the early Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of the Hwicce and Magonsæte, where a further quarter lie.

This volume presents research on the early Middle Palaeolithic in Cantabrian Spain (northern Atlantic façade), in particular on the economic and social behaviour of the Neanderthal groups living in the region between OIS 7 and OIS 4. The study is focused on the production, management and use of lithic tools, the strategies to capture and work with animal and plant resources, the ways of exploiting the territory and the range of social organisation within a diachronic and regional framework. This approach emphasises the reconstruction of the whole technical system as it reflects the social system and the historical dynamics in which it developed.

Edited by G. de Marinis, G. M. Fabrini, G. Paci, R. Perna and M. SilvestriniA collection of thirty-two papers dealing with the development of the city in the Adriatic area, on Italian, Dalmatian and Albanian coasts. The time period stretches from the Iron Age right through to the late Roman period.

This study examines the domestic architecture produced by the Late Dorset, an Arctic-adapted hunter-gatherer society which occupied much of the Eastern North American Arctic between circa 1500 B.P. and 500 B.P. Throughout this research, architecture, like any artefact class, is considered a dynamic and socially constructed technology that is produced, maintained, and transmitted by its practitioners. It is replicated via sequences of learned actions or techniques; patterns thus result from adherence to cultural standards while differences represent instances of technological divergence. Such departures are typically ignored or suppressed in closed systems, although they can be tolerated or even widely adopted in more flexible ones. In order to identify and explore patterning in Late Dorset domestic architecture, this analysis adopts a methodological strategy centred on the chaîne opératoire. Viewed through the lens of chaîne opératoire, domestic architecture is treated as a conduit for informing on Late Dorset social structure and organisation. As part of this investigation, a multi-scalar research design was implemented. The first analytical scale examined architecture across the entire Eastern Arctic Palaeoeskimo period in order to recognise regional patterns of behavioural variability. The second stage of analysis focused on the micro-scale study of architectural remains from three locations, each presented as fully contextualised case studies.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 80The two key themes in this work are 1) the meeting between knowledges about the material world, and 2) the intimate relationships between people and their material surroundings we find in the social dynamics of households. The approach consists of three comparative field studies of present-day contexts conducted among eastern Bantu-speakers in Mozambique, Botswana and South Africa, in addition to an archaeological synthesis of the sequence known as 'Moloko', belonging to the Late Iron Age (AD 1300-1840) in southern Africa. While located within the discipline of archaeology, the approach draws on insights from anthropology, history, sociology and philosophy. Focusing on the relationship between clay, ceramic containers and social interaction in household spaces which follow rationales that may be associated with a sub-Saharan 'thermodynamic philosophy', the main objective is to arrive at an understanding of the relevant social dynamics involved in the developments of the Moloko ceramic sequence and the spatial and material changes to associated settlements. The work is presented in three main parts. The first presents the archaeological research status of the Moloko sequence and provides an overview of the main theoretical strands in the discourse. The second part seeks to accommodate the theoretical framework into an approach for studying clay practice, a methodology which is implemented by three field studies. The third part consists of an archaeological synthesis which draws on the insights from the previous two parts. Three specific research questions are sought answered. These relate to 1) diachronic variation in social meanings of fire and hearths, 2) changes to the social dynamics of living members of households and their ancestral links, and 3) the relationship between the microscale changes and regional social transformations towards the terminal Iron Age in southern Africa, with a particular emphasis on the implications for women's personhood.

Proceedings of the XVI World Congress of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences (Florianopolis, Brazil, 4-10 September 2011). Volume 1, Session 17Edited by Emmanuel Anati (Chairman) , Luiz Oosterbeek (Co-Chairman) and Federico Mailland (Co-editor)

An art historical/contextual study of various representations of the Russian/Ukrainian saints Boris and Gleb, the first saints to be canonized after the country's Christianization. They were martyred between 1015-19 and buried in the Vyshhorod Cathedral. They are traditionally represented as two young princes, holding either a martyr's cross or armed with swords or spears.

A collection of articles on the use of analytical methods in studies concerning geospatial analysis and data integration for cultural heritage evaluation. This volume is presented as a collection of self-contained articles providing easy access to suit the requirements and interests of individual readers. In order to be self-contained, each article is prefaced by a general introduction which briefly provides the theoretical principles and the general background of the discussed methods or techniques.

IV Reunión Internacional de Teoría Arqueológica Sudamericana, Inter-Congreso del WAC 3-7 de Julio de 2007, Catamarca, ArgentinaSouth American Archaeology Series No 14The papers in this volume seek to examine the role of archaeological ceramics in the social processes of past societies, specifically with respect to the formulation and re-formulation of cultural practices. They also offer critical discussion with respect to the limitations of various theoretical approaches to the study of archaeological ceramics.

The dynamic relationship between technology, technological practice, and society is the focus of this book, based on the analysis of Neolithic pottery production in Valencia, eastern Spain. Two main questions frame this study: 1) what are the changes in technological practices in the manufacture of pottery during the Neolithic, and 2) how do these changes articulate with shifts in other realms of society? In order to address these questions the author turned to insights and discussions on the role of technology in society in evolutionary theory, agency-based approaches, and behavioral archaeology to frame the study in relevant, anthropological terms. With a set of explicit hypotheses the author then uses standard archaeological methods in the analysis of prehistoric pottery to reconstruct production techniques and evaluate the hypotheses.

Proceedings of the GIS session at EAA 2009, Riva del GardaThe GIS session entitled 'Go your own least cost path - Spatial technology and archaeological interpretation': as presented at the September 2009, European Association of Archaeologists 15th Annual Meeting in Riva del Garda, Italy.

A study of cultural change and development from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in the north and central Sudan.

South American Archaeology Series No 13The aim of this investigation is to evaluate, through technology, the mobility of hunter- gatherers who inhabited the northwest of Santa Cruz province (Patagonia, Argentina) during the late Holocene. Studying the technological aspects of the archaeological record recovered in areas with different ecological characteristics (low lake basins and high plateaux), the objective is not only to show its variability but also to explain it in relationship with the organization of groups living in specific climatic conditions.

South American Archaeology Series No 12This book assesses the patterns of morphological variation in Late Holocene human populations of Pampa and Continental Patagonia in southern South America, using postcranial skeletons to discuss the evolutionary processes that shaped those patterns. It represents the first regionally and temporally delimited survey of postcranial variation during the Late Holocene in this part of South America. The region concerned is the last continental fringe populated by modern humans. It is moderate in terms of temperature variation compared with other parts of the World. Considering the particular characteristics of the study area, the data and the results obtained are significant to describe the patterns and processes of postcranial metric variation, as well as to understand the complexity of the postcranial diversification processes in modern humans.

Written by Minna Lönnqvist, Markus Törmä, Kenneth Lönnqvist and Milton NuñezThis book presents the work of the Finnish project SYGIS on Jebel Bishri, a mountainous region in Central Syria. The main focus of this archaeological project was to unambiguously locate discovered sites on the Earth's surface in order to provide a starting point for the recording and creation of data to help with the cultural heritage management of Syria, as well as to help prevent looting and to aid in the preservation of cultural remains in this vulnerable area. The sites encountered during this project covered a time span of nearly 0.5 million years and in a series of chronological chapters the development of human cultures in the Jebel Bishri region over the course of time is explored. The interaction of people between different environmental zones and the cultural longue durée emerge as themes of particular importance.With contributions by Sanna Aro-Valjus, Minna Falck, Michael Herles, Merja Kaario, Markus Königsdörfer, Donald Lillqvist, Kirsi Lorentz, Martti Nissinen, Jari Okkonen, Juha Pakkala, Anniina Pietilä, Helena Riihiaho, Juhana Saukkonen, Taija Turunen, Arto Vuorela and Margot Stout WhitingEdited by Minna Lönnqvist and Kenneth Lönnqvist

Acts of the XIIIth Session of the EAA Congress, Zadar 2007Edited by Geertrui Blancquaert, François Malrain, Harald Stäuble and Jan VanmoerkerkeResulting from one of the EAA 2007 sessions 'Large scale territorial development and connected archaeological investigations: methodology and scientific outcome', this volume of papers focuses on the ways in which the study of large surface areas determines our perception of the past.

Proceedings of the XIII Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, Selcuk University of Konya, Turkey 23-24 April 2009This book includes papers from the XIII Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, held at Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey from 23-24 April 2009.

South Asian Archaeology Series 13Bronze art of Nepal bears its distinctive stamp on the cultural history of the country. Meager and sporadic research on the subject carried out so far deals only with the description of the features and appreciation of art objects. This volume is the first comprehensive study of ancient and medieval bronzes of Nepal in a historical perspective. The study also covers the techniques applied by Newar artists of the Kathmandu Valley to the manufacturing of bronze objects, and gives a brief outline of the political history of Nepal with a view to placing the country's bronze art in a historical perspective. The earliest evidence of metallurgical work in Nepal consists of a large number of silver and gold coins excavated from the Painted Grey Ware (PGW) site of Tilaurakot in the valley and dated to 5th - 2nd century BC. The history of bronze art in the valley begins with the Lichhavi period, dated to 5th - 9th centuries AD. This period is also represented by stone sculptures in the Gupta style of India. In several appendices the author provides useful information in respect of various museums and private collections. 97 published inscriptions of ancient and medieval periods are included as well as a glossary of technical terms relating to temple architecture, stone and bronze art objects. The study gives a comprehensive picture of the bronze work in Nepal in all its aspects and is based on detailed field work and library research. It will be an invaluable aid for future research on bronze art in Nepal.

This volume is a collection of papers given at a session at the JIA 2009 conference. The thread of the contributions focuses on two concepts: Memory and Archaeology. The word "Memory" refers to the past, our individual memories and the collective ones. "Wander around memory" (Recorrer la memoria) is a Spanish phrase that means "to think in order to remember what happened". Now that retrieving (historical) memory is changing from being a commitment to being a fashion, it is more needed to "wander around memory" to set our position as professionals in archaeology. All the contributions in this volume share a common idea: the analysis of "memories" generated from conflict. Too frequently, collective memory brews around different traumatic events framed in armed conflicts. Conflict generates memory, but memory generates conflict too, feeding a vicious circle manifested in some of the processes to retrieve historical memory that are still open today.

A study of the neglected Malfese regions of southern Italy and the archaeological work undertaken in the area. The objective is to organize an excursus on the history of archaeological research carried out in the territory of the Vulture-Melfese, drawing on most recent analyses. It will includes summaries of the conclusions that have been presented and which are seen as particularly useful regarding the study of the archaeology of the region, beyond supplying the bibliography of the publications of such archaeological activity. This is organised by territory; each part of the Vulture-Melfese having the history of research described, with a discussion of the finds and a complete bibliography of all published material, including not only scholarly works but articles published in popular journals and newspapers in the Provincial and National Libraries of Potenza.

A study of the urban archaeology (employing contemporary landscape theories) of the city port areas of Buenos Aires, in particular the port known as 'La Boca'. The chronological record takes in a time span of some 300 years (AD 1700 to 2000) and study topics include commercial and domestic space usage.

This study examines changes in Haida economic adaptations during the late pre-contact and early contact periods in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia). This was primarily achieved through the analysis of faunal and artifactual assemblages recovered from archaeological excavations at eight village sites in Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site (southernmost Haida Gwaii). In addition, extensive syntheses of early historic accounts, ethnographic descriptions, and previous archaeological work provide context for the interpretation of the archaeological data and complementary data on the economic responses of the Haida to European contact and the maritime fur trade. The new archaeological data presented in this volume, combined with previously published results, form the basis of a detailed description of the nature of Haida economic adaptations during the late pre-contact period (ca. 500 AD to 1774 AD). Most notably, these data clarify a previously recognized shift from a more generalized, rockfish-oriented economy to a more specialised, salmon-focused economy between 1,200 BP and 800 BP. These distinct economic adaptations, now widely demonstrated for southern Haida Gwaii, have been formalized as an earlier Xyuu daw Phase (ca. 2,000 BP to 1,000 BP) and a later Qayjuu Phase (ca. 1,000 BP to contact), both within the previously described late Graham Tradition.

A study of Roman villas in North Africa (Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco).

This work investigates the evolution of urban design in the Andes of South America to ascertain if there existed in pre-Hispanic times a shared Andean tradition of urban planning. Since, in previous research, Andean urban planning has been treated as the product of individual sites or cultures, this study explores the repeated use of design elements within Andean urban planning, in order to isolate specific elements for individual functional analysis within the context of a cultural tradition. The primary focus is to demonstrate clearly the urban design connection that forms a coherent Andean urban planning tradition shared between the urban civilizations of the Andes from the inception of urbanism around the beginning of the third millennium BC until the cultural disruption of the Spanish conquest in the mid-sixteenth century AD. Through the investigation and understanding of the evolving sophistication of the cultures within the Andes cultural, political and geographical region, the study demonstrates that certain ideas of urban design, from very early times, began to form a coherent planning tradition that was shared by civilizations, cultures and settlements in close and distant contact. Moreover, these ideas for architectural designs and layouts for urban areas were not only shared geographically but also repeated through time.

A study of boat iconography in the Iberian Peninsular during Prehistory.

The main goal of this monograph is the study of the trade of Bracara Augusta (modern Braga, northern Portugal) based on three factors: the history of the city; the trade and the means of transportation; the study of the goods which arrived here through the amphorae and other imported pottery materials. Chapter one presents a brief analysis of the economic geography of the region, taking in account the physical idiosyncrasies of the Minho region and of the city. Chapter two presents the antecedents of the city's foundation and contextualizes it in the scene of its foundation and late development. Chapter three deals with the subject of Bracara Augusta's trade in the global parameters of the empire and its role as a redistribution centre in the peninsular north-west. Chapter four is a comparative analysis of the rhythms and patterns of consumption in the city. We also present the values and the rates of the imported pottery and estimate the approximate annual average amount and its meaning for the economicand commercial life of the city.

Field research by Anthony Sinclair and Patrick Quinney, 1996-2001University of Southampton Series in Archaeology No.1This volume represents the efforts of a significant collaborative project and provides a completely up-to-date interpretation of the Cave of Hearths (Makapan Cave Valley, Limpopo Province, South Africa), which has played a key role in furthering knowledge of hominin prehistory and evolution in southern Africa. This work provides new analyses and interpretations of this important site and its archaeology, geology and palaeontology.

The aim of this thesis is to determine the nature of pre-contact settlement patterns and subsistence strategies on the lower Adelaide River against the backdrop of the dramatic environmental change that took place on the coastal plains of Australia in the mid to late Holocene period.

Proceedings of the XV World Congress, UISPP, Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006. Volume 16, Session C27This book includes papers from the 'Prehistoric Art and Ideology' session (C27) held at the XV UISPP World Congress, September 2006.

Proceedings of the XV World Congress, UISPP, Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006. Volume 21. Session C64 and C65Edited by Thierry Aubry, Francisco Almeida, Ana Cristina Araújo and Marc TiffagomThis book includes papers from the session 'Space and Time: Which Diachronies, which Synchronies, which Scales?' (C64) and 'Typology vs Technology' (C65) held at the XV UISPP World Congress, Lisbon, September 2006.