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Der vorliegende Band dokumentiert das vom Konstanzer Graduiertenkolleg Theorie der Literatur im Oktober 1992 an der Universität Konstanz veranstaltete Symposium Zeichen zwischen Klartext und Arabeske, an dem SpezialistInnen aus verschiedenen kulturwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen teilnahmen. Klartext und Arabeske stecken das Feld ab für die zu problematisierenden Zeichenbegriffe. Auf welch unterschiedliche Weisen unvereinbare Aufzeichnungsmodelle gegeneinander-geführt werden und miteinander konkurrieren, wird anhand verschiedener Objektbereiche und Methoden dargestellt: Kombinatorische Textgenerierung, Kryptographie, Kalligraphie, Bild-Schrift-Relationen, Arabeskisierung des Textes im strukturellen und semantischen Bereich, Rematerialisierung und Energetisierung von Zeichen. Zwei prinzipiell zu unterscheidende Ausrichtungen bestimmen die Konzeption des Bandes. Die ersten drei Teile, Kombinatorik - Alphabet, Schrift - Bild und Kryptographie - Latenz sind unter dem Aspekt der Doppeltextualität und Mehrfachkodierung zum ersten Teil des Bandes zusammenzufassen. In den Teilen 4 und 5, Ornament - Zeichen und Zeichen-Körper - Energetik, dagegen steht in der Zusammenführung unterschiedlicher Codes darüberhinaus der Begriff des Zeichens generell auf dem Spiel. Im Namen des Ornamentbegriffs Arabeske werden Remotivierungs- und Renaturalisierungsstrategien im Hinblick auf eine arabeske Semantik verfolgt, die Semiosen aller Art immer wieder infrage stellt und energetisch 'überschießt'. Diese globale Einteilung in zwei Blöcke versteht sich als systematische Gewichtung, wobei die gegenseitige Abhängigkeit der Teile untereinander immer mitreflektiert wird.

Die Geheimnisse der oberen und der unteren Welt (The Secrets of the Upper and the Lower World) is a substantial new collection of essays on magic in Islamic cultural history. Both comprehensive and innovative in its approach, this book offers fresh insights into an important yet still understudied area of Islamic intellectual history. The seventeen chapters deal with key aspects of Islamic magic, including its historical developments, geographical variants, and modern-day practices. The general introduction identifies and problematizes numerous sub-topics and key practitioners/theoreticians in the Arabo-Islamic context. This, along with terminological and bibliographical appendices, makes the volume an unparalleled reference work for both specialists and a broader readership. Contributors: Ursula Bsees, Johann Christoph Bürgel, Susanne Enderwitz, Hans Daiber; Sebastian Günther, Mahmoud Haggag, Maher Jarrar, Anke Joisten-Pruschke, Fabian Käs, Ulrich Marzolph, Christian Mauder, Tobias Nünlist, Khanna Omarkhali, Eva Orthmann, Bernd-Christian Otto, Dorothee Pielow, Lutz Richter-Bernburg, Johanna Schott & Johannes Thomann.

Volume 1 of the two-volume set MITS 56: In 1508, Johannes Trithemius, the Black Abbot, dedicated his Polygraphia, a treatise on writing in ciphers, to Emperor Maximilian I, personally handing over an elaborate autograph. Unlike the editio princeps, which was to be printed a decade later, the manuscript retains the arcane and mysterious tone of the bibliophile scholar's earlier works on the subject. This book offers the first critical edition and translation of this first version, together with an extensive commentary illuminating the numerous obscure allusions, the impressive literary knowledge of its author, and the genesis of the mechanisms discussed.

This book explores the phenomenological meaning of the event and its paradigmatic role in contemporary phenomenology by focussing on the work of Claude Romano and Jean-Luc Marion.

Fictionalism confronts the dual epistemological nature of education. In this book, Johan Dahlbeck argues that all education, at bottom, concerns a striving for truth initiated through fictions. This foundational aporia is interrogated via Vaihinger's philosophy of 'as if' and Spinoza's exemplarism.

Confronting Kabbalah offers a captivating look into the little-known library of Johann Albrecht Widmanstetter. This study paints a vivid picture of a man with a unique perspective on Kabbalah and it explores how Christian Hebraists in the sixteenth century collected Jewish books.

The nineteenth century was a dynamic time of philosophical development. This volume explores the rich tradition of nineteenth-century Continental philosophy, highlighting the importance of this tradition for the leading streams of thought of the twentieth and twenty-first century.

This volume is the first systematic survey of the environmental and climatic history of the Byzantine empire.

In order to guarantee peace and security in global togetherness, a confrontation with the colonial past is fundamental. This book deals with legal, political and ethical questions of coming to terms with the violent German colonial history in Africa.

A new view for studying and understanding biological evolution emerges when the concepts of phylogenetic systematics and exaptation are combined. A new definition of macroevolution is created. Preadaptation is shown to be a null concept and its comparison with exaptation is shown to be inappropriate. This book criticizes the prevailing view, the adaptationist, microevolutionary outlook, which considers adaptation as being the exclusive or main evolutionary process responsible for vertebrates having occupied the terrestrial environment. The authors argue that the macroevolutionary processes are significantly more important to explain an improbable evolutionary event. Their research shows that macroevolutionary processes are the dominant factors involved in the origin of terrestriality.

The first book that focuses on the founding of territories as a main motif of Japanese mythology and argues for paying more attention to the territorial cults and their basically horizontal world view in general.

The Catholic Church has a deep and rich history of promoting peacemaking - both among states and among private parties. This book draws together disparate strands of this historical record - papal diplomacy, arbitration of private disputes, reconciliation - into a single compelling synthesis.

One of the most influential works of the Islamic-Arabic library, Nahj al-Balāghah is al-Sharīf al-Raḍī's (d. 406/1015) compendium of the orations, letters, and wisdom sayings of ʿAlī (d. 40/661). This meticulously researched critical edition and lucid, annotated translation showcase the eloquence and power of this celebrated collection.

Global risks present formidable challenges to international law. Although they have long been identified in other scientific disciplines, they still lack a legal definition. Drawing on the practice related to the cases of climate change and pandemics, this book aims to identify the main legal elements that characterise global risks and to analyse the changes they bring to the main mechanisms of international law.

Sanctifying Texts, Transforming Rituals: Encounters in Liturgical Studies explores the dynamics of Christian ritual practices in their relation to a broader cultural framework. The nineteen essays, written in honour of the liturgist Gerard A.M. Rouwhorst (Tilburg University), study liturgical developments in times of transition, in which religious and cultural changes set the development of worship practices in motion. The chapters in the first part (Texts) concentrate on the close connection between narrative texts and liturgical practice. In part two (Rituals), the focus shifts to the significance of liturgy as it expresses itself in rituals, and to the understanding of ritual acting. This section includes a variety of ritual aspects of liturgy, including the performance of the sacraments and the persons involved, as well as the relation between the liturgical ritual and material objects, such as images and relics. Section three (Encounters) crosses the borders of the discipline of liturgical studies. This final section of the book studies (ritual) relations between Christians and non-Christians through history, and includes contributions that study the dialogues between different liturgical languages and media. Contributors are: Elizabeth Boddens Hosang, Paul Bradshaw, Harald Buchinger, Charles Caspers, Paul van Geest, Bert Groen, Martin Klöckener, Bart Koet, Clemens Leonhard, Ruben van Luijk, Gerard Lukken, Daniela Müller, Willemien Otten, Marcel Poorthuis, Paul Post, Ilia Rodov, Els Rose, Joshua Schwartz, Louis van Tongeren, and Nienke Vos.

This book throws new light on the question of authorship in the Latin literature of the later medieval and in the early modern periods. It shows that authorship was not something to be automatically assumed in an empathic sense, but was chiefly to be found in the paratextual features of works and was imparted by them. This study examines the strategies and tools used by authors ca. 1350-1650, to assert their authorial aspirations. Enenkel demonstrates how they incorporated themselves into secular, ecclesiastical, spiritual and intellectual power structures. He shows that in doing so rituals linked to the ceremonial of ruling, played a fundamental role, for example, the ritual presentation of a book or the crowning of a poet. Furthermore Enenkel establishes a series of qualifications for entry to the Respublica litteraria, with which the authors of books announced their claims to authorship.

The conquest of Damascus is one of the main events of the Islamic conquests in bilād al-Shām. Consequently, it appears with approximately 1000 narratives in the Islamic literature. This book shows the dependencies of these narratives. It therefore exemplifies the historiography from 700-1300 CE using one single event. Using the method of isnād-cum-matn-analysis the oldest forms of Islamic historiography are reconstructed. Among them are not only the version by Ibn Ishāq, but also the narratives in the futūh-work ascribed to al-Waqidī and in al-Azdī's Futūh al-Sham. Finally, the course of the events is described on the basis of the oldest reconstructed versions. Die Eroberung von Damaskus gehört zu den bedeutendsten Ereignissen der futūh im historischen Syrien. Folglich ist sie mit circa 1000 Einzelüberlieferungen ein häufig vorkommendes Element in der islamischen Literatur. Die Zusammenhänge und Abhängigkeiten der Überlieferungen zu analysieren, ist das Hauptanliegen dieser Studie. So können Aussagen über die Historiography von 700-1300 n. Chr. an Hand eines historischen Beispiels getroffen werden. Mit Hilfe der isnād-cum-matn-Analyse gelingt es zudem die frühesten Formen muslimischer Geschichtsschreibung zu rekonstruieren. Zu diesen gehören neben der Version Ibn Ishāqs auch die Erzählungen, die sich in dem Futūḥ-Werk, das al-Waqidī zugeschrieben wird, und dem Futūḥ al-Shām al-Azdīs finden. Auf Grundlage dieser ältesten rekonstruierten Fassungen zeichnet diese Untersuchung abschließend die Eroberung von Damaskus nach.

Anders als im Briefwechsel des ersten Halbjahres 1533 begegnen nun internationale Perspektiven: Der Konzilsinitiative Karls V. begegnet Bucer wegen der vom Papst gestellten Vorbedingungen skeptisch. Er verfasst aber eine Fürbereytung zum Concilio, die zusammen mit Desiderius Erasmus' entsprechenden Schriften den Weg zur Einheit weisen soll. Im Blick auf die Schweiz hat Bucers Reise (April bis Mai 1533) die Beziehungen gefestigt, und die Korrespondenz aus den besuchten Orten wächst an. Auch an den Ereignissen im Reich nimmt Bucer regen Anteil: Sein Interesse gilt der Lage Konstanz' im Zinsstreit mit dem Bischof. Ulm sucht einen Nachfolger fur den verstorbenen Prediger Konrad Sam; Bucer diskutiert mit Ambrosius Blarer mögliche Kandidaten und gibt Ratschläge zum Eherecht. Aus Münster erreicht Bucer die Bitte um eine Stellungnahme zu Bernhard Rothmanns Aktivitäten, aus Nürnberg die Klage Andreas Osianders über seine Ortskollegen. Dass der Esslinger Predigerstreit mit der Entlassung von Martin Fuchs eskalierte, bedrückt Bucer sehr. Die Berufung Gervasius Schulers nach Memmingen freut Bucer, ebenso die Beruhigung der Lage in Kempten nach der Entlassung der lutherischen Prediger. Zu Augsburg intensiviert sich der Kontakt, vor allem zu Gereon Sailer. In Straßburg gelten Bucers Aktivitäten neben der Vorbereitung der Herbstsynode dem Bildungswesen. Seltene Einblicke gewahrt die Korrespondenz in Bucers Familienleben.

Der vorliegende Band liefert eine eingehende Untersuchung umbrischer und hethitischer Rituale und ritualbezogener Texte und hebt sich besonders durch die interdisziplinäre Perspektive und innovative Methodik von bisherigen Arbeiten in diesem Themenfeld ab. Durch die Untersuchung der jeweiligen funktionalen und kommunikativen Kontexte demonstriert Theresa Roth, wie aktuelle Fragestellungen der linguistischen Pragmatik und besonders der Fachsprachenforschung erfolgreich auf historische Sprachstufen angewandt werden können. Damit leistet sie einen maßgeblichen Beitrag zu der Frage, wie ritualbezogene Textsorten durch textstrukturelle und kommunikative Parameter geprägt und differenziert werden. This monograph contributes substantially to the identification and description of the communicative and textual parameters which characterize ritual language as a language for special purposes. The interdisciplinary approach used by the author is methodologically innovative within the field of historical linguistics. By examining the functional and communicative contexts of ritual and religious texts from Hittite and Umbrian, Theresa Roth demonstrates how current questions of pragmatics and research on languages for special purposes can be successfully transferred to ancient languages.

In Höfische Musikkultur im klassischen Islam gibt Yasemin Gökpinar einen Einblick in Ibn Faḍl-Allāh al-ʿUmarī's Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār (vol. 10) über Hofmusik von den Abbasiden bis zu den Mamluken mit Schwerpunkt auf den Sängersklavinnen (qiyān). Die interdisziplinäre Studie stellt Autor und Werk vor und etabliert das Liederbuch als historische Quelle. Zudem werden unterschiedliche strukturelle und inhaltliche Aspekte kombiniert: eine Untersuchung der Liedtextüberlieferer und des soziokulturellen Kontextes des Hoflebens im Lichte von Thomas Bauer's Ambiguitätstheorie, eine musikwissenschaftliche Analyse des Verhältnisses zwischen poetischem Metrum der Lieder und ihren musikalischen Rhythmen, schließlich eine Betrachtung des Handlungsspielraumes der Sängerinnen und ihrer (relativen) Macht über ihre Besitzer durch ihre hervorragende Ausbildung und natürlichen Anlagen. In this volume Yasemin Gökpinar provides insight into Ibn Faḍl-Allāh al-ʿUmarī's Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār (vol. 10) about court music from the Abbasids to the Mamluks, with special emphasis on the subject of high ranking singing slave-girls (qiyān). Her interdisciplinary study focuses on the author and his work, and presents the songbook as a historical source. Different aspects concerning structure and contents are combined: an investigation of the song transmitters, a study into the socio-cultural context of courtly life with an application of Thomas Bauer's theory of ambiguity, a musicological analysis of the relation between metre of song texts and rhythmic modes in music, and finally an exploration of the singing-girls' leeway and even power over their owners, through education.

It is a misconception that Christianity and Humanism are in any way in conflict with each other. The present book shows that through many centuries, and especially in the Renaissance, the two stood in a relation that was mutually complementary. The contributions in this volume treat aspects and manifestations of this cultural symbiosis, and they throw new light on authors and texts both more and less familiar. The subject-areas discussed include: religion, history, philosophy, literature and education. The age of Renaissance and Reformation is the central focus, but earlier and later periods are also featured.The contributions comprise a Festschrift for Professor Arjo Vanderjagt, whose work deals centrally with both Christianity and Humanism.Contributors are Fokke Akkerman, István P. Bejczy, Alexander Broadie, Chris-toph Burger, Marcia L. Colish, Albrecht Diem, Stephen Gersh, Berndt Hamm, Volker Honemann, Adrie van der Laan, Alasdair A. MacDonald, Peter Mack, Zweder von Martels, Matthieu van der Meer, Hans Mooij, Simone Mooij-Valk, Just Niemeijer, John North, Willemien Otten, Jan Papy, Detlev Pätzold, Rob Pauls, Marc van der Poel, Burcht Pranger, Peter Raedts, Han van Ruler, Rudolf Suntrup, Jan R. Veenstra, and Ronald Witt.

Jerusalem, in her central role for Judaism, Christianity and Islam, became the setting for - or even the protagonist of - oral, written and pictorial narratives. These range from the Bible and Apocrypha, historical and hagiographical texts and legends to accounts of physical, imaginary or spiritual pilgrimage, and related images. Places in and around the city have been associated with narratives and vice versa. This collection of essays discusses the complex entanglements between Jerusalem, as a continuously redefined space, and her narratives, viewed from broad methodological and interdisciplinary perspectives. Studying the manifold ways in which narrative, space and place interact, is fundamental to the understanding of 'loca sancta traditions' and the processes of their location and translocation.Contributors are Shulamit Laderman, Gustav Kühnel, Serge Ruzer, George Gagoshidze, Alexei Lidov, Bianca Kühnel, Ariane Westphälinger, Robert Ousterhout, Eva Frojmovic, Katrin Kogman-Appel, Claudia Olk, Ingrid Baumgärtner, Pnina Arad, Annette Hoffmann, Gunnar Mikosch, Barbara Baert, Yamit Rachman-Schrire, Robert Schick, Tim Urban, Mila Horký, Silvan Wagner, Rachel Milstein, Anastasia Keshman and Kai Nonnenmacher.

Thierry Meynard and Dawei Pan offer a highly detailed annotated translation of one of the major works of Giulio Aleni (1582 Brescia-1649 Yanping), a Jesuit missionary in China. Referred to by his followers as "Confucius from the West", Aleni made his presence felt in the early modern encounter between China and Europe. The two translators outline the complexity of the intellectual challenges that Aleni faced and the extensive conceptual resources on which he built up a fine-grained framework with the aim of bridging the Chinese and Christian spiritual traditions.

Focusing on the hybrid maritime world of Hong Kong, Pearl River Delta and West River in the last two decades of the late Qing period, this work tells a vivid trading and competition story of previously unknown private Chinese traders and junk masters. This challenges the prevailing view of the domination of China's maritime trade by modern foreign steamships. Making use of unpublished Kowloon Maritime Customs and British diplomatic records in the late 19th and early 20th century, Henry Sze Hang Choi convincingly shows how these private Chinese traders flexibly adopted to the foreign-dominated maritime customs agencies and treaty port system in defending their Chinese homeland stronghold against the invasion of foreign economic power.

Die Herausgeber präsentieren eine einmalige Sammlung bis dato unveröffentlichter Briefe von David Zeisberger und seiner Glaubensgenossen und bieten so neue, unerwartete Zugänge zum Nordamerika des 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhunderts, in dem Herrnhuter Missionare, Siedler und indigene Völker aufeinandertrafen, kooperierten, einander bekämpften oder sich gegenseitig instrumentalisierten. Die Quellensammlung zeigt das koloniale Nordamerika bzw. die frühe Republik der USA vor allem aus der Sicht des europäischen Missionars Zeisbergers, der eigene Interessen und Überzeugungen mit denen seiner Umgebung und der Kirchenleitung in Herrnhut in Einklang bringen musste. The editors of this volume present a unique collection of previously largely unedited letters from David Zeisberger and his colleagues, opening a window into the unknown world of European missionaries, colonial settlers, and native Americans in the most crucial time of early American history. It pays tribute to Moravians working the "American vineyards" and navigating diverse political interests in Pennsylvania, the Northwest Territory, and the borderzone of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, as seen from the perspective of an insider.