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This volume provides food researchers with advanced destructive and non-destructive techniques for measuring the chemical composition, functional bioactivities physicochemical changes, and explaining the functional mechanisms for facilitating the tracking of the functional molecules during the different industrial processes. Chapters guide readers through sample preparation emerging extraction technologies protocols analytical methodologies for phytochemicals profiling, multi way models in food data analysis, and the integration of omics for biochemical analyses understanding. Written in the format of the Methods and Protocols in Food Science series, the chapters include an introduction to the respective topic, list necessary materials and reagents, detail well established and validated methods for readily reproducible laboratory protocols and contain notes on how to avoid or solve typical problems. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Plant Chemical Compositions and Bioactivities aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This volume explores the latest advancements made in the field of mass spectrometry (MS) based single cell proteomics. The chapters in this book focus on technologies, methods, and biological applications and together cover the entire single cell proteomics analysis workflow, from sample collection and preparation through liquid chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric data acquisition to data analysis and interpretation. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and authoritative, Mass Spectrometry Based Single Cell Proteomics: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for all researchers interested in using these technologies and methods in their laboratories to continue making biological discoveries in this important field.

This volume provides methods to analyze RNA and gain insight to a number of critical cellular functions. Chapters detail RNA isolation and enrichment, RNA amplification and detection, RNA sequencing, analysis of RNA modification, RNA delivery approaches, and analysis of RNA binding and catalytic activity. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, RNA Amplifications and Analysis: Methods and Protocols aims to present researchers with cutting-edge technologies with detailed explanations of critical steps, while providing a clear understanding of the overall protocol.

This volume provides references for methods about the proteomics of microbial communities, also called metaproteomics. Chapters guide readers first through specific protein extractions from different environments and/or ecological niches crowded by heterogeneous microbial communities, then deepening the possible complete metaproteomic workflows in several situations or conditions. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Metaproteomics: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This detailed volume presents cutting-edge approaches to study infection, immunity, and intervention strategies against intracellular pathogens. The book explores areas such as how intracellular pathogens infect and survive inside the phagocytes, immunopathological features of infection, evasion of host-induced immune responses, cellular crosstalk in the presence of intracellular pathogens, host innate and adaptive immunity, and much more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Intracellular Pathogens: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers who work with intracellular pathogens and want to utilize or refine strategies to study, treat, or controlthem.

In this newly updated, second edition, leading medical specialists critically review for the general practitioner the latest techniques for the clinical management of diabetic neuropathy. These authoritative contributors focus on the practical aspects of diabetic neuropathy and describe in detail the treatments that are currently available or expected to become available in the near future. They also include concise discussions of the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and highlight the relatively unknown features of neuropathy that can significantly impact a patient's life. Comprehensive, up-to-date bibliographies at the end of each chapter provide an opportunity for the interested physician to gain a more detailed picture of a particular topic.

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a unique lipoprotein that has emerged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular vascular disease. Data from case control, epigenetic and mendelian randomization studies indicate that people with elevated Lp(a) have a two-fold to four-fold increased risk of cardiovascular events compared to people with low Lp(a) levels. Despite this risk, awareness of Lp(a) is still very low among health care providers. Even cardiologists often overlook Lp(a), in part because Lp(a) is not as well-understood as other risk factors and treatment options are still very limited. This book offers an authoritative and comprehensive overview of Lipoprotein(a). It provides an in-depth review of all aspects of Lp(a), from pathophysiology to metabolism. Chapters offer the reader a contemporary view of the important roles of Lp(a) as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In addition, this volume discusses the clinical implications of elevated Lp(a) and current and future therapies. Lipoprotein(a) is an essential resource for physicians, medical students, residents, fellows, and allied health professionals in lipidology, cardiology, endocrinology, pharmacotherapy, and health promotion and disease prevention.

This detailed volume compiles key methods and techniques used to establish some of the structural and functional aspects of Z-form nucleic acids. Beginning with chapters on characterizing Z-DNA, the book continues by exploring structure determination techniques, gene- and genome-targeting methods and genome-wide approaches, Z-RNA study, and much more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Z-DNA: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for students and researchers curious about this unique Z nucleic acid as an area of investigation, aiming to help the field grow, flourish, and unravel the hidden and novel roles of Z. Chapter 1 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.This is an open access book.

This volume details techniques involved to study aquatic pathogens that cause infections, especially in fish. Chapters guide readers through a wide range of basic and advanced methods, viral and fungal pathogens, probiotic bacteria, treatment of pathogens using seaweed extract, medicinal plant extracts, and actinomycetes. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Aquaculture Microbiology aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.

This volume covers a wide range of approaches utilized to decipher cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to successful nerve regeneration leading to functional recovery. Chapters detail a variety of models utilizing both in vivo and in vitro approaches, physical injury models, methods for the isolation/analysis of various macromolecules, live and fixed imaging of regenerating axons, and for quantifying behavioral endpoints enable measurements of regenerative success. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Axon Regeneration: Methods and Protocols aims to be comprehensive guide for researchers.

This book is a guide to pharmacotherapy treatment of tobacco dependence. The 2020 American Thoracic Society clinical practice guidelines on treating tobacco dependence serves as the cornerstone for this work with its robust discussion of recommended treatment options and how to tailor treatment to specific patient populations. Tobacco dependence remains a major health concern for many adults and given the dramatic increase of youth electronic cigarette use, clinicians need a singular resource to treat these different populations. This book addresses that by following the three main points of how to best address the adverse impact of tobacco use on public health: 1) prevent initiation of tobacco use; 2) understand mechanisms of addiction; 3) effectively treat tobacco dependence.The book begins by describing the current patterns of product use, the adverse impact of tobacco on global health, and tobacco-related health disparities. Authors discuss both combustible and electronic tobacco products, as well as current research on the adverse impact of vaping and associated flavorings including menthol, role of the e-cigarette in cessation, and treatment of adolescent nicotine dependence. Chapters conclude with a discussion of specific tobacco control policies to improve overall public health. This is an ideal guide for pulmonologists, pediatricians, primary care physicians and other specialty providers who see patients with nicotine dependence. This book is also of interest to public health professions to help inform public health campaigns and treatment offerings to reduce overall tobacco product use through prevention and treatment.

There is significant academic interest in the field of art and neurological disorders. Considering how artistic expression may be modified by alterations in neural circuits, as well as in our bodies and everyday lives, associated with a range of disorders and diseases is a rich territory from which to understand the workings of our brains, the unique blend of factors leading to human art making, and disease itself. This book will be an exposé of how different neurological disorders may influence and/or relate to the artistic process, with a particular focus on visual art and painting. The book will interrogate the question of different aspects of neurological disorders and associated brain changes that may impact artistic expression (and vice versa) and will include devoted chapters on Parkinson's disease, Epilepsy, Mood Disorders, Autism, and Schizophrenia. Moreover, we will elaborate on the question from the perspective of the artist themselves, with chapters that highlight the artistic process in the context of lived experience (either directly or indirectly) with disease-mediated brain changes. Finally, engagement in creative acts has been linked to therapeutic benefits in multiple disease processes and neuroplasticity, which is another line of inquiry directly addressed in the book. As a whole, the volume focuses on themes and concepts at the boundary of creativity and neuroscience in such a way as to be relevant to both the medical and broader (artistic) community.

The field of muscular dystrophies has expanded significantly with the discovery of the genetic defects and protein products underlying these disorders. New treatments such as antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs and gene therapies are now in clinical application and in trials. As clinical trials increase, outcome measurement becomes very important, and more validated tools are being developed. This book provides a comprehensive review of these disorders. Clinical features, diagnostic testing including genetic testing of these disorders, the basis and utility of genetic testing, and the basis of genetic therapies are all covered in detail. This book will provide neuromuscular neurologists, general neurologists, and neuromuscular fellows with a much needed update in the field.

This book is the first comprehensive text dedicated to risk assessment in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It provides an overview of current evidence regarding approaches to risk assessment, traditional and emerging risk factors, and atherosclerosis imaging for refinement of risk estimation. The volume seeks to provide an essential resource for professionals in the field to assess their patients for risk of cardiovascular disease. The book is divided into five sections, starting off with an overview of current best practices to risk assessment in primary prevention around the world. The second section discusses traditional risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity. The third section reviews the newly introduced concept of 'Risk Enhancers'. The fourth section offers insight on novel risk factors, with in-depth discussion regarding lipoprotein(a), high-sensitivity CRP, apolipoproteinB, social determinants of health, stress and cardiovascular disease. and polygenic risk scores. The final section covers the use of non-invasive atherosclerosis imaging (computed tomography and ultrasound-based techniques) as a tool to refine risk estimates. Throughout the book, readers will find multiple tables, figures, and illustrations that complement the text. Up-to-date, evidence-based, and clinically oriented, Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Primary Prevention is a must-have resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology, endocrinology, primary care, and health promotion and disease prevention.

This book provides a comprehensive yet succinct update for the clinician in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of lung cancer. Lung cancer is a leading cause of death in the US and worldwide and its prevention, screening, and treatment is a large part of clinical practice across specialties. Frequent updates in recommendations and guidelines in screening, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and management are vital, and it can be difficult for the busy clinician to stay up to date. This book provides a comprehensive update for the chest clinician across the continuum of lung cancer care. Each of the thirteen chapters covers a specific component of lung cancer care and is written by experts in the field who are practicing clinicians. The objectives are to provide an organized and easily-referenced resource for the chest clinician; to provide comprehensive evidence-based information on the following topics: lung cancer screening and prevention, approach to lung nodules, diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, treatment of lung cancer, pleural disease in lung cancer, and treatment complications; and to provide source information for clinicians so they can stay up-to-date on any new guidelines or recommendations related to lung cancer screening, tobacco treatment, staging, and diagnosis. This book is written specifically for the busy clinician that focuses on clinically relevant and evidence-based principles around lung cancer while providing references for ease of finding source information to enable clinicians to stay updated as guidelines change. This is an ideal guide for practicing pulmonary clinicians, practicing general practice clinicians, trainees in chest and general medicine, as well as some advanced practice providers who need a refresher.

This book is the first authoritative and comprehensive text dedicated to the understanding of how cholesterol triggers vascular inflammation and mechanical injury that leads to heart attacks, strokes as well as other organ and tissue pathology. It includes chapters on the background of cholesterol crystal formation and methods for their detection as well as a description of the physiochemical transformation of metastable 'liquid' cholesterol to a solid flat plate crystalloid within the cellular and extracellular environment resulting in volume expansion. Chapters also discusses cholesterol crystals and other crystalloid molecules found in atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, the book examines how cholesterol crystals can induce similar injurious processes in other organs including the retina of the eye to cause blindness, in solid cancers causing further tumor growth and in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's. And lastly, the book addresses various potential therapeutics that disrupt the physiochemical transformation of cholesterol from a liquid to a solid, inhibit its role in triggering inflammation and tissue injury while ushering a path towards targeted therapies. Cholesterol Crystals in Atherosclerosis and Other Related Diseases will be of interest to cardiologists as well as individuals in various fields of science including crystallography, basic and clinical imaging, cardiac oncology, and drug discovery.

A path-breaking and comprehensive review of the pathophysiology and management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Drawing on the key results of recent clinical trials, world-renowned clinicians and clinical investigators establish state-of-the-art management guidelines for patients with ST-elevation MI or non-ST-elevation ACS. Their discussion includes a detailed review of the pathophysiology of ACS and a survey of the diagnostic tools available to assess patients. Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes captures the major advances that have occurred in our understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. This book is certain to help cardiologists, primary physicians, emergency medicine physicians, and many others to better serve their patients with today''s most efficacious treatments.