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The success of a clinician is not merely a measure of the impeccable restoration that he creates, but even more the impact on the lives of those who utilize what he creates. thus so-called "minimally invasive" bonded partial restorations now occupy an essential place in the modern therapeutic arsenal, either to overcome the limitations of direct restorations or, on the contrary, to offer the patient an alternative to coronal-peripheral restorations, which are considered to be more damaging to the dental organ. It will be a question of privileging the most conservative therapies possible while responding to an ever-increasing demand from patients and practitioners in terms of aesthetics but also in terms of durability and longevity. This book aims on describing various inlays and onlays in detail with their indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages.

Stingless bees can play an important role in pollinating radish plants. The bees were found to be attracted to a solution of jaggery, sugar, or sugarcane juice. The study also found that the biology of stingless bees consists of egg, larval, and pupal phases that take an average of 6.3, 15.1, and 18.7 days, respectively.Overall, the study suggests that stingless bees could used as a sustainable and effective way to pollinate plants. This could be the benefit to farmers who are looking for ways to increase their yields.

The book has been primarily designed to help the botany students to understand the subject easily and to help them prepare for their University Examination. The present book for B.Sc. students has been written strictly according to UGC model Syllabus. The subject matter has been divided into Introduction of Plant Tissue Culture, Laboratory organization for plant tissue culture, Nutrient Media, Sterilization Methods, Cellular Totipotency, Organogenesis, Callus Culture, Plant cell suspension culture, Somatic Embryogenesis, Meristem Culture, Anther culture and Pollen Culture, Embryo culture, Protoplast culture, Somatic Hybridization and protoplast fusion, Artificial Seed Technology, Production of secondary metabolites and Application of Plant Tissue Culture .Plant tissue culture is a powerful and versatile technique that has revolutionized plant propagation, breeding, and research. This technology enables the rapid production of genetically identical plants, known as clones, with desirable traits, leading to increased efficiency in crop improvement and uniformity in commercial plant production.

Since treating common health problems in a large population of animals can be costly, concerns on the relationship between animal welfare and animal health have been focused on farm animals. Farm animals, regardless of whether they live in traditional or modern housing systems or are under rigorous or extended management, suffer from a variety of health problems, some of which can be shockingly prevalent.The relevance of animal welfare issues has increased recently, not just in developed but also in developing countries, where enhancing animal welfare laws can lead to increased trade opportunities, productivity, and animal health. Because labor and land are less expensive in these countries than in industrialized ones, they will likely have a natural economic advantage in producing agricultural items at a lower cost. The Indian dairy farming system is made up of two parts: the older, small-holder production system and the more modern, growing commercial dairy farming systems. The issues and worries regarding animal welfare in these two production systems may vary because of the different agricultural practices and applications of modern production technologies.

In the modern digital world, where there is money, there are cyberattackers. According to IBM, the finance and insurance sector has now been the single most attacked industry for 3 years in a row (with 19 per cent of all recorded attacks in 2018). Hardly surprising, given that ¿digital¿ is the de facto trend in finance, where digital financial services are seen as one of the key drivers of greater financial inclusion. The ¿digital¿ trend is here to stay, as illustrated by the recent launch of the UN Secretary-General¿s Task Force on Digital Financing of the Sustainable Development Goals, the promotion of digital financial services by international development agencies, the opportunities created by business (both in the developed and developing world) and the interest from academia.Good progress in overall digitisation of finance has been made over the recent years. Indeed, the World Bank reports that between 2014 and 2017 the number of adults using digital payments increased from 41 to 52 per cent (11 per cent increase) and the share of adults with an account has grown from 62 to 69 per cent. This translates into half a billion new users connected to the digital infrastructure...

Guoxue is variously translated as Traditional Chinese Thoughts, Culture, and Learning (abbreviated as Chinese Learning), Traditional Chinese Classics, National Learning, Ancient Chinese Classics, Traditional Chinese Culture, among others. It encompasses a wide range of key concepts that are central to understanding Chinese culture, philosophy, history, religion, literature, and society. These concepts represent a foundational understanding of Guoxue, providing insights into the values, beliefs, theories, and traditions that have shaped Chinese civilization for over five millennia. In this book, we introduced the terminology for Guoxue from 12 aspects: Confucianism, Classic Studies, Daoism, Buddhism, Ethics, Etiquette and Customs Studies, Politics, Economics, Literature, Linguistics, Historiography, and Philosophy.

This book is written to help students acquire a solid foundation in high school mathematics and enable them to develop problem-solving skills. Considerable effort has been devoted to ensure that the text is understandable and covers areas where learners have common difficulty. Numerous carefully selected examples are provided with detailed solutions to illustrate the mathematical concepts and enhance students understanding of the subject matter. The book has five chapters: (1) Relations and graphs of equations; (2) Functions with emphasis on linear, quadratic, and polynomial functions; (3) Exponential and logarithmic functions; (4) Topics of geometry that are basic to high school; (5) Trigonometric functions, trigonometric equations, and applications involving triangles.Undoubtedly, students who work through this manuscript will find that the book presents a comprehensive foundation to successfully understand high school mathematics. The other book of the author, namely, ¿Supportive Foundation for Basic Algebrä provides a comprehensive approach to the fundamental concepts and techniques of algebra and offers a useful supplementary background for enhanced mathematical competence.

The Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider is the first strategic bomber to attain hardware status since the Cold War B-2A Spirit, which was publicly unveiled in 1988 and introduced in 1993. First flown on November 10, 2023, the mighty Raider is destined to become the mainstay of Americäs long-range air fleet with at least 100 units entering service from around 2027 onwards. Once operational, it will certainly be the most advanced military aircraft in the World, as well as the first ¿Sixth Generation¿ warplane. Its main goal, apart from nuclear deterrence, is to render useless the Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) battle networks created during the last decades by the revisionist Eurasian powers Russia and China. While details concerning this devastating weapon remain classified, we attempt a first assessment of its historical perspective, technical characteristics, concept of operations and challenges.

Food insecurity, a consequence of violent conflict brought on by the effects of climate change, is the main problem dealt with in this Book. The hypothesis behind the book is that violent conflicts among smallholder farmers are a result of climate change, and conflicts are a cause of food insecurity in East Africa. With an integrated strategy, the research aimed to eradicate food insecurity by addressing the consequences of climate change and the violence that occurs with it. The main motivating factor behind this book is the fact that the region's agricultural production capacity is extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Furthermore, East Africa is the most volatile and threatened by armed conflict. In Africa (largely East Africa), 1.23 million individuals were killed in civil conflict-related occurrences during the span of 30 years from 1989 to 2018. This book will lay the foundation for further research and help communities all around East Africa by revealing how food insecurity and low economic development have changed as a result of conflict association climate change. Despite increasing concerns about the major socioeconomic impacts of climate change,

Writing a Master of Arts (MA) thesis is challenging for postgraduate students. This complexity is of great significance when writing in their second language. From this perspective, genre-centered approaches help non-natives enhance their understanding of academic and scientific texts. This study comparatively investigated the rhetorical differences/similarities in all sections of MA theses produced by Iraqi and international students in applied linguistics.

The book titled "Rheology of Ice Cream" is organized into four chapters: ice cream manufacturing technology, rheology of ice cream, stability and rheological properties of ice creams produced with dairy by-products, and rheology of commercial and model ice creams. Chapter 2 comprises the following subchapters: rheological classification, fluid and semi-solid foods, Newtonian fluids, non-Newtonian fluids, time-independent flow of non-Newtonian fluids, time-dependent fluid flows, plastic fluid flow, viscoelasticity, viscoelastic characterization of materials, stress relaxation, creep measurement, and ice-cream mix rheology.

The world may be fast approaching the perfect storm, with the intersection of two major global trends. At a moment of historic transition, when the post-WWII and post-Cold War international order is eroding amid competing visions of world order and renewed geopolitical rivalries, the world is also in the early stages of an unprecedented technological transformation. It promises to be a period of exponential change, the second¿and far more disruptive¿chapter of the digital revolution that began with the Internet in the 1990s. Historically, technology usually races ahead of institutions, rules, and norms. The extraordinary magnitude of change at a time of global institutional fraying and disorder, however, portends a particularly dangerous gap in global governance impacting economies, societies, and the future of war.Substantially more technology-driven change will take place during the coming two decades than in the first ICT (information and communications technology)-based revolution, with profound social, economic, and geopolitical ramifications.

Knowing how to search for evidence that can inform clinical decisions is a fundamental skill for the practice of evidence-based dentistry. There are many available types of evidence-based resources, characterized by their degrees of coverage of preappraised or summarized evidence at varying levels of processing, from primary studies to systematic reviews and clinical guidelines. The practice of evidence-based dentistry requires familiarity with these resources. In this article, the authors describe the process of searching for evidence: defining the question, identifying the question's nature and main components, and selecting the study design that best addresses the question.

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a technique that uses various frequencies of light to stimulate cellular energy, which penetrates your nerves, cells and tissue to enhance healing, reduce pain and inflammation after dental procedures. LLLT has been used in dentistry to promote wound healing in surgical wounds, extraction sites, recurrent aphthous ulcerations, etc. LLLT is an effective treatment strategy for periodontal therapy and surgery. Photobiomodulation, a process mediated by low-level lasers, promotes additional benefits in the near term, speeds up the healing of bone and gingival tissue, and lessens the side effects of periodontal surgery.

This book gives a bright perspective on the nature of carbonatites along with different magmatic and hydrothermal processes that affect the distribution of these dykes. In the past there has been several debates on the enrichment mechanisms of rare-earth elements, making it a significant book especially now with the increase in technology. The research is filled with exciting findings and not just from a scientific view but also with amazing landscapes and cultural differences.

The present investigations on utilization of stingless bees, T. laeviceps Smith in net house condition carried out with the broad aspects like flowers visited by stingless bees, T. laeviceps Smith, toxicity of insecticides to T. laeviceps Smith workers, floral biology of musk melon, foraging behavior of stingless bees, T. laeviceps Smith in net house condition, effect of pollination by T. laeviceps Smith on yield and quality of musk melon fruits were carried out in net house condition at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during March 2013 to December 2014. Stingless bees, T. laeviceps have ability to visit a wide range of flower. In present study 34 different plant species were visited by stingless bees.

The Green Revolution, a transformative era in the annals of agriculture, emerged as a game-changing force during the mid-20th century, fundamentally reshaping the methodology of food production and steering the trajectory of global food security. Characterized by a sequence of technological breakthroughs, the Green Revolution aimed to substantially augment agricultural productivity in response to the escalating demands of a rapidly expanding world population.

Conservative dentistry and Endodontics is an ever-fascinating and one of the most mercurial fields of dentistry. Knowledge and best practices in this field are ever-shifting. As research and experience broaden our horizons with deeper understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. This book primarily focuses on The nature of dentin, the Mechanism of bonding, and strategies to improve bonding along with its clinical implications. which is defined as The biomimetic approach, mediated by bioactive agents, to enhance and reinforce the dentin by locally altering the biochemistry and biomechanical properties. This book specifically addresses several problems that come up with bonding and techniques to overcome it. The motivation behind this book is to make people aware of newer agents related to Dentin Biomodification. We are still learners in this subject and solicit your constructive criticism for the improvement of this book.

I am pleased to release first edition of pharmaceutics I for first semester of B.pharmacy student as per PCI syllabus.We feel the book will fulfill the requirements of students as well as teachers,since the subject matter is furnished with maximum information to the student in simple language along with number of labeled diagram.just combination of both theory and practical combination book for B.pharmacy 1st semester. According to PCI syllabus RGPV university affiliated.

The Information Contained in this book has been obtained by author from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of her knowledge. Every effort has been made to avoid errors and ensure accuracy. The book is meant for developing an Face Recognition based attendance System using ESP32 CAM with arduino IDE. The content presented in this book can be used to develop more applications in terms of security.

Orthodontic bio-materials are made up of metal alloys, polymers, and composites. Each materials have their own advantages and disadvantages over the other. Interestingly none of the materials have all the ideal properties together. To overcome the disadvantages, a marked improvement in science and technology and materials helped to improve the material properties. Thus as long as humans thrives for excellence their search and betterment towards bio-materials will continue forever.

Attitude control of the rocket is a big challenge in real-time. To make the rocket stable against the influences, this book has examined the control technology such as proportional integral derivative control using an anti-windup mechanism and linear quadratic regulator theory based on the degree of freedom mathematical model. The transient behaviour of both controllers is not smooth and takes more time to settle in the defined location. Specific to the deficiencies of PID and LQR, the proportional integral derivative controller is combined with a fuzzy logic controller to overcome the defects of PID and LQR. In conclusion, this book compares the performance analysis of fuzzy-PID controllers with linear quadratic regulators and proportional integral derivative controllers. The simulation results indicate that the hybrid fuzzy-PID controller has a remarkable improvement in terms of overshoot and settling time besides reducing steady-state error. The proposed hybrid fuzzy-PID controller eliminates the overshoot completely and produces enormous stability for the rocket engine.

In this book the principles and basic concepts of Robotics and its components are briefed. The readers will understand the design and implementation of robot applications and their relationship to other automated technologies. The basis of machine vision and its application in robotics are briefed. The concept of end effectors, basic programming in Robots and a few real time applications in landmine industries are briefed.

Uzbekistan is one of the countries with the oldest and rich architectural heritage in Central Asia. Today, more than two thousand medieval architectural monuments are kept under state protection in our country. Historical monuments in the cities of ancient Khiva, Bukhara, Samarkand and Shakhrisabz are included in the list of world cultural heritage of UNESCO. Currently, architectural secret symbolic decorations in these cities are almost unexplored, they are waiting for their solution. For example, the secret world of the secret decorations of the Sherdar madrasa, built in the 17th century in the Samarkand Registan, has been waiting for its solution for almost 400 years. The scientific hypothesis about the solution to the same problem is described in the monograph.This monograph is written for a large group of historians, architectures, artists, teachers and students of secondary and higher educational institutes as well as local people and tourists interested in national heritage of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The development of a revolutionary transistor architecture that transformed the semiconductor industry may be seen in the timeline of FinFET technology. This novel three-dimensional structure has expanded the capabilities of conventional planar transistors from its initial inception. FinFET has evolved into the preferred option for high-performance computing systems throughout time thanks to its enhanced power efficiency, decreased leakage, and better control over the current flow.

This book is about identification and description of minerals and rocks which usually starts with field scenarios followed by hand specimens, preferably under laboratory conditions after field excursions. The information contained in this mineralogy and petrology laboratory manual is a package for concepts and essential practical skills that will enable students to provide a detailed follow-up after such field excursions. Procedures for identifying and describing hand specimens of rock forming minerals and typical rock samples, as seen in hand specimens, have been provided as a guide on anticipated results. Illustrations for the field occurrences have also been provided for the student to visualize field realities that also exist elsewhere. Detailed properties for selected minerals have been provided for comparison with the results that will have been obtained. The comparison acts as a yardstick for the student to ascertain correctness of the descriptions done and thus act as a control opportunity other than serving as a confidence builder. The manual willl serve requirements of the course units that provide knowledge on mineralogy and petrology to students.

Knowledge of the basic principles of dental occlusion and the masticatory system is vital for every dental student and dentist. Therefore, functional assessment and examination of occlusion should be considered and carried out on a routine basis. In restorative dentistry, when a patient attends a dental clinic for treatment, the required treatment may involve a small or major alteration in the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. Occlusal considerations are very important in the field of restorative dentistry. Ideal occlusion treatments can be carried out using a conformative approach. An advanced restorative treatment plan involving the re-organised occlusal approach is more complicated and is a major challenge for restorative dentists. Assessment and consideration of TMJ are essential in any occlusal planning for any restorative treatment. The successful outcome of treatment involving occlusal considerations depends upon the skill of the dentist and the technician, and also the treatment planning.

"Smiles Through the Ages" is a concise yet comprehensive exploration of geriatric dental care. This book provides essential insights into maintaining oral health for seniors, addressing unique challenges such as age-related conditions, tooth loss, and gum diseases. With practical tips on daily oral hygiene, choosing the right dental products, and navigating dental appointments, this guide empowers older adults to take charge of their dental wellness. From discussing the importance of regular check-ups to exploring denture care and oral hygiene practices tailored to seniors, this book is a valuable resource for both elders and their caregivers, promoting healthy and confident smiles in the golden years.

Dental caries is the most common chronic dental disease in the world. It is defined as a multifactorial microbial infectious disease characterized by demineralization of the inorganic and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth. Conventional treatments for caries removal are often associated with pain and fear as they are based on Mechanically driven rotary devices. In these devices tactile sensation decreases with increasing speed and overcutting of tooth structure during cavity preparation is a major disadvantage. To overcome these disadvantages a non-rotary technique is used for caries removal which is known as Minimal Invasive Dentistry (MID). Minimally invasive treatment offers an attractive alternative to managing carious lesions more conservatively and effectively, resulting in enhanced preservation of tooth structure and it includes the use of air abrasion, lasers, ultrasonic devices, polymer burs, Atraumatic restorative technique, chemo-mechanical caries removal. Hence this book aims to elaborate and analyze the scientific literature regarding the alternative therapeutic approach to caries lesion management.

Numerous countries throughout the world began reforming their educational systems in order to meet the constantly evolving issues and expectations of an increasingly globalized society. However, in Algeria, the educational sphere is still highly based on the traditional method of teaching which is considered to be less effective. Thus, the objective of this work was to shed light on the significance of the recent teaching method ¿¿Flipped classroom¿ which succeeded to gain universal popularity and became a buzzword in several countries, In addition to exploring its impact on the learning process in EFL classrooms particularly in Tlemcen.