Orphans on the Earth

The memoirs of the expelled Girondin deputies-Buzot, Pétion, Barbaroux, and Louvet-provide the basis for this book, which documents their lives as fugitives from June 1793 to June 1794, by which time only Louvet remained alive. Earlier treatments have focused on the Jacobin/Girondin quarrels in the National Assembly from 1791-1793, but this is the first book to examine the fate of the Girondin fugitives during the Terror.