Anal Cancer

Cancer of the anus, the aperture at the end of the rectum via which waste material departs the body, is known as anal cancer. The anal canal (the little tube that leads from the rectum to the exterior of the body) is a potential site of development. Anal cancer, like other types of cancer, develops when cells in the anode grow out of control.
- Squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent form of anal cancer and begins in the squamous cells that line the anal canal. Less prevalent kinds of anal cancer include adenocarcinoma, which originates in the glandular cells of the anus, and other rare subtypes.
Infection with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a history of anal or genital warts, engaging in receptive anal intercourse, smoking, and having a weakened immune system are all risk factors for developing anal cancer, though the exact cause of this cancer is not always clear.
- Symptoms of anal cancer may include rectal bleeding, pain or discomfort in the anal area, changes in bowel habits, lumps or growths around the anus, and itching or discharge. A biopsy of any suspect tissue is often performed alongside a physical exam and imaging testing to arrive at a diagnosis.
In some cases, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy may all be used together to treat anal cancer. The particular course of treatment is determined by the cancer's stage, its location, and other factors unique to each patient. Anal cancer has a variable prognosis, although early diagnosis and treatment greatly enhance survival rates. If you have concerns about having or developing anal cancer, it's best to schedule an appointment with a doctor to get a proper diagnosis and tailored advice for treatment.