Effects of Nanofluid Flow Past an Inclined Surface

A ¿uid is a substance that deforms continuously under applied shear stress, regardless of size. Liquids and gases are collectively referred to as ¿uids. It cannot resist any shear force applied to it. This continuous deformation under the action of forces compels the ¿uid to ¿ow. Fluids such as gases and liquids in motion are generally referred to as ¿ow. Flow of ¿uid describes its behaviour and how they interact with their surrounding environment. Liquids are incompressible ¿uid substances whose density does not change with variations in temperature and pressure. Whereas, gases are compressible ¿uid substances whose density changes rapidly with changes in temperature and pressure. In the context of ¿uids, real ¿uids have viscosity, while ideal ¿uids are incompressible ¿uids without viscosity. A steady or unsteady ¿ow is determined by the velocity of the ¿uid, which remains constant or differs over time. Smooth or regular movement of particles in the ¿uid is called laminar ¿ow or viscous ¿ow. In laminar ¿ow, the velocity, pressure and other ¿ow properties at each point in the ¿uid remain constant. Flow of a ¿uid that travel on an irregular path is called turbulent ¿ow. In this ¿ow, the speed of the ¿uid at a point undergoes changes continuously in both magnitude and direction.